ABSTRACT
Unlike conventional embedded systems where the emphasis tends to be on the computational elements, a cyber-physical system [1] is typically designed as a network of physically distributed embedded sensor and actuator devices equipped with computing and communicating capabilities to process and react to stimuli from the physical world and make decisions that also impact the physical world. Example applications of CPS include high-confidence medical devices and systems, assisted living, traffic control and safety, advanced automotive systems, process control, energy conservation, environmental control, avionics, instrumentation, critical infrastructure control (e.g., electric power, water resources, and communications systems), distributed robotics (e.g., telepresence, telemedicine), defense systems, manufacturing, and smart structures [2].
