ABSTRACT
The advent of nanotechnology has been thought to be the biggest engineering innovation since the industrial revolution. Advocates of this new technology promise to engineer the man-made world, molecule by molecule, sparking a wave of novel revolutionary commercial products from cars to medicine (Gwinn and Vallyathan, 2006). This industrial revolution in molecular manufacturing will alter the relationship of materials so profoundly that this variety may get both positive and negative effects on wellness and the environment. The worldwide marketplace for products brought on using nanotechnology is estimated to reach US $1 trillion by 2015 (Roco, 2005). Nanotechnology has gained a great deal of public interest due to the needs and applications of nanomaterials in many elds of human endeavor such as manufacture, agriculture, business, medicine, and public health, among many others. Nanotechnology includes the consolidation of these nanoscale structures into larger material components and systems, keeping the control and construction of new and improved materials at the nanoscale (Ju-Nam and Lead, 2008). Nanoparticles (NPs) can be naturally occurring or they can be constructed. One idea for the production of engineered nanomaterials was the 2000 metric tons in 2004 that increases to 58,000 tons by 2011-2020 (Nowack and Bucheli, 2007). The playing area of
nanotechnology is one of the most dynamic research elds in advanced materials science. NPs exhibit new or improved properties based on specic features such as size, distribution, and morphology. There have been impressive developments in the eld of nanotechnology in the recent years, with numerous methodologies developed to synthesize NPs of particular material body and size depending on specic demands. New applications of NPs and nanomaterials are increasing quickly. Thus, nanotechnology can be termed as the synthesis, characterization, exploration, and application of nanosized (1-100 nm) materials for the growth of skill. It dispenses with the materials whose structures exhibit signicantly novel and improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and functionality due to their nanoscaled size. Nanotechnology, now at the leading edge of rapid growth with many potential human health benets, is perceived with apprehension for potential human health dangers. Enhanced strength, durability, exibility, performance, and inimitable physical properties related with these textiles have been exploited in a multitude of industries and treatment modalities including detection of tumors, targeted drug delivery, and prognostic visual monitoring of therapy. With these applications, unprecedented avenues of exposure to NPs in humans are likely. Ambient and workplace exposures in combination with other toxic agents may cause unpredictable
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 442 Application ................................................................................................................................................................................ 443
Imaging and Diagnosis ......................................................................................................................................................... 443 Cancer .................................................................................................................................................................................. 444 Drug Delivery ....................................................................................................................................................................... 445 Antimicrobial Activity.......................................................................................................................................................... 445 Tissue Engineering ............................................................................................................................................................... 446 Gene Therapy ....................................................................................................................................................................... 446 Medical Devices ................................................................................................................................................................... 446
Implications of Nanoparticles ................................................................................................................................................... 447 Pros of Nanotechnology ....................................................................................................................................................... 447 Cons of Nanotechnology ...................................................................................................................................................... 448
Effect on Health ............................................................................................................................................................... 448 Effect on Environment ..................................................................................................................................................... 449 Effect on Society ............................................................................................................................................................. 449
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................ 450 References ................................................................................................................................................................................. 450
adverse health effects. Failure to address these imminent human health issues in a cohesive and concerted manner by industry, academia, government, environmentalists, and scientists may lead to detrimental health effects caused by exposure to NPs.
