ABSTRACT
Machining plastically deforms a material using a hard tool in order to obtain a desired physical shape and properties. With metal cutting, a wedge-shaped tool is used to remove material from the workpiece in the form of a chip. Two motions are required: the primary motion, such as the rotation of the workpiece in a lathe; and the secondary motion, such as the feed of a lathe cutting tool. Single-point tools are used for turning, shaping, planning, and so on, and multipoint tools are used for milling and so on. It is necessary to understand the forces acting on the tool and their effects on power requirement, tool life, and production cost. In the following tables of tool forces and formulae, specific power consumption, metal-removal rate, tool life, and so on are given (Figures 17.1 and 17.2).
