ABSTRACT
Single-stage, single-effect ammonia/water systems have been in use since the mid-1800s. They come in many different variations and implementations (Bogart 1981; Howe et al. 1989; Erickson 1991; Erickson 1995). Originally, the applications were refrigeration. Since the 1960s, a considerable number of these units were built for residential air conditioning, and since the 1970s they are also under consideration for residential and commercial heating.
