ABSTRACT
Over the past decade or so, research studies and practical experience began convincing threat managers to see threats as only one behavior among a full panoply of other attack-related behaviors engaged in by hunters. Contemporary threat management discounted the previous overriding emphasis on threats and shifted its focus to attack-related behaviors. Threat managers began to understand that hunters posed a threat while howlers merely made threats. Each, hunter and howler, had to be managed, but the strategies for doing so for each differed radically.
