ABSTRACT
Alterations in structural dimensions of nanoparticles often result in change in size-dependent properties such as quantum confinement in semiconductor particles, surface plasmon resonance [4] in some metal particles, and super-paramagnetism in magnetic materials. For instance, ferromagnetic particles switch their magnetic direction when smaller than 10 nm and larger than 30 nm. There are various other strategies to produce nanocomposites other than direct atom manipulation, which was referred to by Drexler et al. (1990). These include plasma arcing [5], chemical vapor deposition [6], sol-gel synthesis [7], electrodeposition method [8], ball milling [9, 10], and using natural nanoparticles [11]. Hence, different methods or combinations of methods can be applied for constructing different types of nanomaterial. The foremost consideration is studying physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of nanoparticles, such as particle size distribution, mass, volume, elasticity, strength, hardness, conductivity, and zeta potential, by a wide range of characterization techniques currently available, and thereafter these properties are exploited for the physical and chemical modifications of nanoparticles, which results in building of copious amount of different nanostructures.
