ABSTRACT
Sexual reproduction is characterized by the presence of sex, gametogenesis, meiosis and fertilization. In parthenogenics, females are always present but males sporadically. Ameiotic oogenesis usually occurs but meiotic gametogenesis occurs also sporadically. Asexual reproduction involves budding, fragmentation and ssion (see Chapter 1). Unlike many authors, who consider parthenogenesis as asexual reproduction, this presentation includes parthenogenesis as a sexual mode of reproduction. In all facultative parthenogenic crustaceans, occasional males and females are produced; in these parthenogenic males and females, meiotic gametogenesis and fertilization occur.
