Introduction

This chapter focuses on the use of Engineering Equation Solver because the property data that are required are directly integrated with the program. It examines the thermal properties that are important in heat transfer at cryogenic temperatures and look at sources of property data. The word cryogenics is defined as the study of low-temperature phenomena. However, the temperature level at which refrigeration in the conventional sense ends and cryogenics begins is somewhat arbitrary. The importance of heat transfer in cryogenic systems is illustrated by the variety of its applications. The thermal and transport properties of most materials are highly temperature dependent at cryogenic temperatures. It is important to understand how these properties vary with temperature and also how to obtain accurate properties in order to prepare an effective thermal analysis. Values for the latent heat of vaporization for the cryogenic liquids are given in Appendix B.