ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with a more formal treatment of what may be called identical-particle biophysics that dealt with more than one particle and should investigate the identical natures of the particles. Brownian motion of a spherical particle in bulk water can should be described by a random step of length and direction, both continuously variable, but governed by a Boltzmann-type distribution. The most generally useful way to compute values of diffusion coefficients of particles in fluids was devised by Albert Einstein. Crowding effects in cells are certainly more important than corrections of bulk viscosity values. Long deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) strands presents a case of likely of crowding effects on motion inside a cell. E. Dauty and A. S. Verkman studied the case of the diffusion of DNA inside a cell as a function of length and various restricting materials inside the cell.
