ABSTRACT
Metamaterial technology is used to design small wideband wearable antennas with high efficiency. Microstrip antennas are widely used in communication systems. Microstrip antennas have several advantages such as low profile, flexibility, light weight, small volume, and low production cost. In several systems the distance separating the transmitting and receiving antennas is in the near-field zone. In these cases, the electric field intensity decays rapidly with distance. The near fields only transfer energy to close distances from the antenna and do not radiate energy to far distances. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses antenna design with similar fractal segments to maximize the antenna effective area. Fractal antennas are also referred as a multilevel structure with space filling curves. In mathematics, a space-filling curve is a curve whose range contains the entire two-dimensional unit square. Most space-filling curves are constructed iteratively as a limit of a sequence of piecewise linear continuous curves, each one closely approximating the space-filling limit.
