ABSTRACT
The main function of foundations is to transmit the load of the superstructure applied on them through columns or load-bearing walls to the ground. When loads of structures are transferred to the ground through the foundations, the ground gets compressed and settles. Either the entire ground enclosed by the periphery of the structure settles (called the total settlement) or there is partial settlement of the ground (called the differential settlement). The total settlement should be minimal and not noticeable. The partial settlement should be avoided because it causes damage to the structure. If the loads are of low magnitude, then for columns, individual pad footings are adequate. For walls carrying uniform loads, continuous wall footings are adequate. If the loads on the walls are high and the soil is weak, then walls are supported on grade beams that are supported on piles. The selection of the piles depends upon the type of piles and the coefficient of friction of the soil. The end bearing of the pile contributes very little to the pile capacity. If the soil is good, meaning that it has a high bearing capacity, then individual pad foundations can be used to support columns.
