ABSTRACT
Four kinds of typical stacking configurations, AAA, ABA, ABC, and AAB, have been successfully synthesized by the experimental methods. The AA-stacked graphene is grown on a diamond surface using high-density dc plasma in hydrogen–methane mixture. Few-layer graphenes can exhibit feature-rich essential properties, especially for the high-symmetry stacking systems. The AAA-, ABA-, ABC-, and AAB-stacked trilayer graphenes are suitable for a systematic study. Each graphene layer is a rather stable plane because of the quite strong σ bondings formed by orbitals. The interplane attractive forces come from the weak Van der Waals interaction associated with the 2pz orbitals. The electronic properties of planar graphenes are mainly determined by the 2pz-orbital bondings, the honeycomb symmetry, the stacking configurations, and the number of layers. The interlayer atomic interactions in few-layer graphenes can induce free electrons and holes with the same carrier density. Monolayer graphene has one pair of linear energy bands intersecting at the Fermi level because of the honeycomb symmetry.
