ABSTRACT
The three prototypical configurations of bulk graphites, namely simple hexagonal, Bernal and rhombohedral graphites, are chosen for a systematic review. The magnetic quantization in 3D graphene systems shows interesting phenomena as a function of the stacking configuration and the magnetic field strength. The aforementioned electronic and optical properties can be experimentally verified by scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy. Improvements of experimental resolutions in energy and momentum have become a critical factor for investigating low-dimensional materials. The generalized Peierls tight-binding model, which retains all important atomic interactions and magnetic fields, however, can provide comprehensive descriptions for graphites that offset the limitations of accuracy at low energies. The generalized tight-binding model, accompanied by an exact diagonalization method, can further be applied to study other physical properties, such as the optical absorption spectra and plasma excitations.
