ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has closer scientific connections with philosophy than do other sciences, because AI shares many concepts with philosophy, e.g., action, consciousness, and epistemology—what is sensible to say about the world—and even free will (McCarthy, 2006). A humanized AI (HAI) in this book refers to an agent that thinks and acts like a human, recognizing and accepting humans just as we recognize and accept them. As with human beings, this does not mean they will live in full harmony, without conflicts, or even wars. Some people refer to HAI as a scaled-down version of our HAI agent that only possesses some human emotional or social aspects. Artificial general intelligence (AGI) often refers to an integration of many narrow artificial intelligences (NAIs), each of them dealing with a particular problem, such as Medical AIs that involve the applications of AI technology in drug development and healthcare to improve health outcomes and patient experiences. Most NAIs involve extensive uses of data and thus are often called machine learning (ML). In other words, ML can be viewed as a subset of AI. Our great achievements so far are mainly in NAIs, such as deep-learning ANNs for image natural language processing. This section is a big-picture view of HAI and human-machine society.
