ABSTRACT
Today the cyberspace where communication over computer networks takes place has become a must-have infrastructure for any modern society. However, in cyberspace, just like in physical space, bad things can happen. Widely publicized security breaches range from information theft to influencing democratic elections to holding computers for ransom. Cybersecurity attacks can be launched by a single individual or a well-organized group, some, the so-called advanced persistent threat groups, could be connected to industry or even governments. Cyber crimes are a serious and global concern. Governments, private sectors, and academic institutions have acted to produce countermeasures, including legislation, regulation, law enforcement, protection of communication infrastructures, and Computer Emergency Readiness Teams (CERTs) in the US and other countries. The most common way of authentication for users is by user ID and password. But, the human factor is still the weakest link in cybersecurity.
