Introduction Cancer survivors are defined as tumor-free patients alive for at least 5 years after their first malignant diagnosis. Individuals observed for shorter periods are called “cancer patients”. Late toxicity comprises post-diagnosis morbidity occurring ≥1 year after diagnosis or persisting for at least 1 year. There is increasing evidence that 30-50% of cancer patients suffer from life-threatening or at least bothersome late morbidity related to their cancer and/or its treatment. This chapter deals with the most important late somatic effects diagnosed in cancer patients and cancer survivors.