ABSTRACT
The ferment in immunological research in European laboratories in the early 1900s attracted American and Canadian physicians to Germany, France and England, where they became acquainted with late-breaking scientific discoveries. In addition to Ehrlich, von
Behring, Koch and Mechnikov on the continent, Sir Almroth E.Wright, Director of the Inoculation Department of St Mary’s Hospital, London, was a favorite mentor (Figure 1).
In his Praed Street Laboratories, Sir Almroth taught his students the ‘new immunotherapy’ that employed preventive vaccines and mass inoculation (Figure 2). As von Behring proved the therapeutic efficacy of diphtheria antitoxin, Wright, in 18981900, established the efficacy and feasibility of typhoid vaccine and the practicability of mass inoculation of British forces in the South African War and in India.
