ABSTRACT
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer and acute or chronic prostatitis may all result in bladder outlet obstruction. In addition, other non-prostatic disorders, such as bladder neck dyssynergia and urethral stricture disease (Figure 64), may also result in bladder outlet obstruction. In response to the changes associated with increased outflow resistance, the detrusor muscle undergoes hypertrophy, with the development of trabeculation. As a consequence
of these changes, lower urinary tract symptoms develop. The interrelationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostatic enlargement), bladder outlet obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms can be depicted in a Venn diagram (Figure 65). It should be
recalled, however, that many factors other than benign prostatic hyperplasia can affect bladder function as men age (Figure 66).
