ABSTRACT
Trade name: Clozaril (Novartis) Other common trade names: Entumin; Entumine; Leponex; Lozapin; Sizopin Indications: Schizophrenia Category: Tricyclic antipsychotic Half-life: 8-12 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: caffeine,
carbamazepine, fluoxetine, risperidone, ritonavir, selenium
Reactions
Skin Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome)
(2002): Schonfeldt-Lecuona C+, Am J Psychiatry 159(11), 1947 Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (1997): Bosonnet S+, Ann Dermatol Venereol (French) 124, 547 Dermatitis (sic) (<1%) Diaphoresis (6%) (2001): Kane JM+, Arch Gen Psychiatry 58(10), 965 (2001): Richardson C+, Am J Psychiatry 158(8), 1329 (1991): Safferman A+, Schizophr Bull 17, 247 (31%) (1990): Fitton A+, Drugs 40, 722 Eczema (sic) (<1%) (1994): Shelley WB+, Cutis 53, 33 (observation) Edema (<1%) Erythema (<1%) Erythema multiforme (<1%) Exanthems Facial erosions (1994): Shelley WB+, Cutis 53, 33 (observation) Lupus erythematosus (1994): Wickert WA+, Postgrad Med J 70, 940 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (2003): Spivak M+ , Can J Psychiatry 48(1), 66 (with haloperidol) (2002): Baciewicz AM+, Ann Intern Med 137(5), 374 (2002): Beauchemin MA+, Can J Psychiatry 47(9), 886 (2002): Bottlender R+, Pharmacopsychiatry 35(3), 119 Nodules (2000): Durst R+, Isr Med Assoc 2, 485
Periorbital edema (<1%) Petechiae (<1%) (1994): Shelley WB+, Cutis 53, 33 (observation) Photosensitivity (1995): Howanitz E+, J Clin Psychiatry 56, 589 Pruritus (<1%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (2%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (<1%) Urticaria (<1%) Vasculitis (<1%)
Other Death
(2002): Levin TT+, Psychosomatics 43(1), 71 (2001): Gillespie JA, Ann Pharmacother 35(12), 1671 (2001): Hoehns JD+, Ann Pharmacother 35(7), 862 (with sertraline) (2001): Tie H+, J Clin Psychopharmacol 21(6), 630 Dysgeusia (<1%) Fever (2002): Jeong SH+, Schizophr Res 56(1), 191 Glossodynia (1%) Headache Mastodynia (<1%) Priapism (2001): Bongale RN+, Am J Psychiatry 158(12), 2087 (2001): Compton MT+, J Clin Psychiatry 62(5), 363 (passim) (2000): Compton MT+, Am J Psychiatry 157, 659 (1994): Barbieri NB+, Can J Psychiatry 39, 128 Rhabdomyolysis (2002): Jung HH+, Muscle Nerve 26(3), 424 (1996): Meltzer HY+, Neuropsychopharmacology 15(4), 395 Seizures (2002): Duggal HS+, Am J Psychiatry 159(2), 315 (2001): Landry P, Am J Psychiatry 158(11), 1930 (2001): Navarro V+, Am J Psychiatry 158(6), 968 Sialorrhea (31%) (2002): Tuunainen A+, Schizophr Res 56(1-2), 1 (2001): Bai YM+, J Clin Psychopharmacol 21(6), 608 (2001): Kane JM+, Arch Gen Psychiatry 58(10), 965 (2000): Miller DD, J Clin Psychiatry 61, 14 (2000): Wahlbeck K+, Cochran Database Syst Rev (2):CD000059 (1999): Antonello C+, J Psychiatry Neurosci 24, 250 (1999): Campbell M+, Br J Clin Pharmacol 47, 13 (1998): Young CR+, Schizophr Bull 24, 381
(1997): Spivak B+, Int Clin Psychopharmacol 12, 213 (1995): Fritze J+, Lancet 346, 1034 (1991): Bourgeois JA+, Hosp Community Psychiatry 42, 1174 (1991): Calabrese JR+, J Clin Psychopharmacol 11, 396 (1991): Copp PJ+, Br J Psychiatry 159, 166 (1991): Goumeniouk AD+, Can J Psychiatry 36, 234 (1991): Kahn N+, Neurology 41, 1699 (1991): Ogle MR+, Indiana Med 84, 606 (1991): Safferman A+, Schizophr Bull 17, 247 (1990): Fitton A+, Drugs 40, 722 Tardive dyskinesia (2003): Miller del, Am J Psychiatry 160(3), 588 Tremor (1-10%) Xerostomia (6%) (2001): Kane JM+, Arch Gen Psychiatry 58(10), 965 (1991): Safferman A+, Schizophr Bull 17, 247 (6%) (1990): Fitton A+, Drugs 40, 722
Synonyms: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; SMX-TMP; SMZ-TMP; TMP-SMX; TMPSMZ
Trade names: Bactrim (Women First); Cotrim (Teva); Septra (Monarch); Septrin (GSK)
Other common trade names: Anitrim; Apo-Sulfatrim; Bactelan; Batrizol; Ectaprim; Esteprim; Isobac; Pro-Trin; Roubac; Sulfatrim; Trimzol; Trisulfa
Indications: Various infections caused by susceptible organisms Category: Antiprotozoal sulfonamide Half-life: 6-10 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anticoagulants,
cyclosporine, dofetilide, isotretinoin, methotrexate, warfarin Co-trimoxazole is sulfamethoxazole* and trimethoprim
Reactions
Skin Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome)
(1996): Walker DC+, J Am Acad Dermatol 34, 918 (1989): Cobb MW, J Am Acad Dermatol 21, 339 (passim) (1986): Su WPD+, Cutis 37, 167 Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
(1995): Moreau A+, Int J Dermatol 34, 263 (passim) Allergic reactions (sic) (1999): ter Hofstede HJ+, Br Clin Pharmacol 47, 571 Angioedema (1988): Fihn SD+, Ann Intern Med 108, 350 (1-5%) Bullous eruption (1989): Caumes E+, Presse Med (French) 18, 1708 Dermatitis (sic) (1989): Atahan IL+, Br J Radiol 62, 1107 (at previously irradiated area) (1987): Vukelja SJ+, Cancer Treat Rep 71, 668 (at previously irradiated area) (1984): Shelley WB+, J Am Acad Dermatol 11, 53 (at site of previous sunburn) (1971): Cotterill JA+, Br J Dermatol 84, 366 Erythema multiforme (1999): Lehman DF+, J Clin Pharmacol 39, 533 (1998): Siegfried EC+, J Am Acad Dermatol 39, 797 (passim) (1997): Rieder MJ+, Pediatr Infect Dis J 16, 1028 (70% in children with HIV) (1995): Jick H+, Pharmacotherapy 15, 428 (1991): Tilden ME+, Arch Ophthalmol 109, 67 (1990): Chan HL+, Arch Dermatol 126, 43 (1989): Alanko K+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 69, 223 (1988): Hira SK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 19, 451 (1988): Platt R+, J Infect Dis 158, 474 (1987): Penmetcha M, BMJ 295, 556 (1987): Schöpf E, Infection 15(Suppl 5P), S254 (1985): Heer M+, Gastroenterology 88, 1954 (1982): Brettle RP+, J Infect 4, 149 (1979): Beck MH+, Clin Exp Dermatol 4, 201 (1978): Assaad D+, Can Med Assoc J 118, 154 (1978): Azinge NO+, J Allergy Clin Immunol 62, 125 (1975): Bernstein LS, Can Med Assoc J 112(Suppl), 96 (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399 (0.15%) Erythema nodosum (1974): Delaney TJ+, Br J Dermatol 90, 205 (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399 Erythroderma (1979): Kennedy C+, BMJ 1, 1356 Exanthems
*Note: Co-trimoxazole is a sulfonamide and can be absorbed systemically. Sulfonamides can produce severve, possibly fatal, reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
(1999): Iborra C+, Arch Dermatol 135, 350 (1998): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1998): Hattori N+, J Dermatol 25, 269
(1998): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1997): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1997): Palau LA+, Infect Med 14, 846 (1996): Caumes E, Rev Mal Respir (French) 13, 101 (passim) (1995): Hertl M+, Br J Dermatol 132, 215 (1995): Wolkenstein P+, Arch Dermatol 131, 544 (1994): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1993): Agarwal BR+, Indian Pediatr 30, 1026 (1993): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1993): Malnick SDH+, Ann Pharmacotherapy 27, 1139 (1990): Medina I+, N Engl J Med 323, 776 (47% in AIDS) (1988): DeRaeve L+, Br J Dermatol 119, 521 (1988): Fihn SD+, Ann Intern Med 108, 350 (1-5%) (1988): Sattler FR+, Ann Intern Med 109, 280 (44% in AIDS) (1988): Weinke T+, Dtsch Med Wochenschr (German) 113, 1129 (25% in AIDS) (1987): Goa KL+, Drugs 33, 242 (65% in AIDS) (1987): Schöpf E, Infection 15(Suppl 5P), S254 (1986): Sonntag MR+, Schweiz Med Wochenschr (German) 116, 142 (1985): DeHovitz JA+, Ann Intern Med 103, 479 (1985): Maayan S+, Arch Intern Med 145, 1607 (1984): Gordon FM+, Ann Intern Med 100, 495 (51% in AIDS) (1984): Kovacs JA+, Ann Intern Med 100, 663 (29% in AIDS) (1983): Mitsuyasu R+, N Engl J Med 308, 1535 (69% in AIDS) (1982): Goetz MB+, JAMA 247, 3118 (1980): Fennell RS+, Clin Pediatr 19, 124 (1979): Abengowe CU, Curr Med Res Opin 5, 749 (3.2%) (1977): Taylor B+, BMJ 2, 552 (12%) (1976): Arndt KA+, JAMA 235, 918 (5.9%) (1976): Gower PE+, BMJ 1, 684 (>5%) (1975): Bernstein LS, Can Med Assoc J 112(Suppl), 96 (1.9%) (1975): Gleckman RA, JAMA 233, 427 (0.84%) (1975): Sallam MA+, Curr Med Res Opin 3, 229 (3.4%) (1972): Halpern GM, BMJ 1, 691 (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399 (1%) Exfoliative dermatitis (1990): Ponte CD+, Drug Intell Clin Pharm 24, 140 (feet) (1975): Bernstein LS, Can Med Assoc J 112 (Suppl), 96 (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399 Fixed eruption (2002): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (glans penis) (recurrent) (2001): Bayazit-Ozkaya E+, J Am Acad Dermatol 45(5), 712 (2000): Ozkaya-Bayazit E+, Eur J Dermatol 10, 288 (1999): Mohamed KB, J Pediatr 135, 396 (1999): Morelli JG+, J Pediatr 134, 365 (1998): Lee AY, Contact Dermatitis 38(5), 258
(1998): Mahboob A+, Int J Dermatol 37, 833 (1998): Ozkaya-Bayazit E+, Contact Dermatitis 39, 87 (trimethoprim) (1997): Gruber F+, Clin Exp Dermatol 22, 144 (1997): Ozkaya-Bayazit E+, Br J Dermatol 137, 1028 (linear) (trimethoprim) (1996): Sharma VK+, J Dermatol 23, 530 (1995): Wolkenstein P+, Arch Dermatol 131, 544 (1993): Oleaga JM+, Contact Dermatitis 29, 155 (1993): Ramam M+, Indian Pediatr 30, 110 (in an infant) (1992): Lim JT+, Ann Acad Med Singapore 21, 408 (1991): Jain VK+, Ann Dent 50, 9 (oral mucous membrane) (1991): Smoller BR+, J Cutan Pathol 18, 13 (1991): Thankappen TP+, Int J Dermatol 30, 867 (36.3%) (1990): Gaffoor PMA+, Cutis 45, 242 (genitalia) (1989): Basomba A+, J Allergy Clin Immunol 84, 409 (1989): Bharija SC+, Australas J Dermatol 30, 43 (1989): Gupta R, Indian J Dermatol 55, 181 (in an infant) (1989): Varsano I+, Dermatologica 178, 232 (1988): Baird BJ+, Int J Dermatol 27, 170 (bullous and generalized) (1988): Bharija SC+, Dermatologica 176, 108 (in an infant) (1987): Amir J+, Drug Intell Clin Pharm 21, 41 (1987): Hughes BR+, Br J Dermatol 116, 241 (1987): Van Voorhees A+, Am J Dermatopathol 9, 528 (1986): Kanwar AJ+, Dermatologica 172, 230 (1985): Gomez B+, Allergol Immunopathol Madr (Spanish) 13, 87 (1984): Pandhi RK+, Sex Transm Dis 11, 164 (1982): Gibson JR, BMJ 284, 1529 (1980): Talbot MD, Practitioner 224, 823 (1978): Verbov J, Arch Dermatol 114, 963 (1972): Aoyama H+, Jpn J Dermatol B 82, 16 Flushing (1984): Jick SS+, Lancet 2, 631 Genital ulceration (2001): Cherian G, Int J Clin Pract 55(2), 151 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (2001): Peschard S+, Presse Med 30(31), 1549 Lichenoid eruption (1994): Berger TG+, Arch Dermatol 130, 609 Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (2002): Cohen LM+, J Am Acad Dermatol 46, S32 (passim) (1997): Paul C+, Br J Dermatol 136, 406 (1994): Kuechle MK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 30, 187 Lupus erythematosus (1985): Stratton MA, Clin Pharm 4, 657 (1975): Grennan DM+, BMJ 4, 385 Photosensitivity
(1994): Berger TG+, Arch Dermatol 130, 609 (in HIV-infected) (4 cases) (1994): Shelley WB+, Cutis 53, 162 (observation) (1987): Schöpf E, Infection 15(Suppl 5P), S254 (1986): Chandler MJ, J Infect Dis 153, 1001 Pruritus (1997): Caumes E+, Arch Dermatol 133, 465 (1997): Thaler D, Monona, WI (from internet) (observation) (1996): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (from Internet) (observation) (1990): Medina I+, N Engl J Med 323, 776 (1-5%) (1987): Colebunders R+, Ann Intern Med 107, 599 (4% in AIDS) (1986): Sher MR, J Allergy Clin Immunol 77, 133 (1984): Kramer BS+, Cancer 53, 329 (1975): Gleckman RA, JAMA 233, 427 (0.84%) (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399 (0.15%) Pruritus vulvae (1981): Modern Medicine 49, 111 Psoriasis (1979): Kennedy C+, BMJ 1, 1356 Purpura (1993): Kaufman DW+, Blood 82, 2714 (1989): Saxena SK, J Assoc Physicians India 37, 479 (1971): Koch-Weser J+ , Arch Intern Med 128, 399 Purpuric “gloves and socks syndrome” (1999): van Rooijen MM+, Hautarzt (German) 50, 280 Pustules (1994): Spencer JM+, Br J Dermatol 130, 514 (1990): Guy C+, Nouv Dermatol (French) 9, 540 (1989): Grattan CEH, Dermatologica 179, 57 (passim) (1986): Macdonald KJS+, BMJ 293, 1279 (1978): Braun-Falco O+, Hautarzt (German) 29, 371 (1977): Knudsen L+, Ugeskr Laeger (Danish) 139, 1007 Radiation recall (1990): Leslie MD+, Br J Radiol 63, 661 (1987): Vukelja SJ+, Cancer Treat Rep 71, 668 (at previously irradiated area) (1984): Shelley WB+, J Am Acad Dermatol 11, 53 (at site of previous sunburn) Rash (sic) (>10%) (2001): Meyers B+, Liver Transpl 7(8), 750 (2000): Talan DA+, JAMA 283, 1583 (14%) (1995): Williams JW+, JAMA 273, 1015 (1993): Malnick SD+, Ann Pharmacother 27, 1139 (1984): Gordin FM+, Ann Intern Med 100, 495 (1978): Lawson DH+, Am J Med Sci 275, 53 Side effects (sic) (1994): Roudier C+, Arch Dermatol 130, 1383 (48% in AIDS patients) (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399. (2.1%)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1-10%) (2001): Brett AS+, South Med J 94, 342 (1998): Arola O+, Lancet 351, 1102 (trimethoprim) (1998): Siegfried EC+, J Am Acad Dermatol 39, 797 (passim) (1997): Douglas R+, Clin Infect Dis 25, 1480 (2 cases) (1997): Rieder MJ+, Pediatr Infect Dis J 16, 1028 (10% in children with HIV) (1996): Caumes E, Rev Mal Respir (French) 13, 101 (1996): Eastham JH+, Ann Pharmacother 30, 606 (1996): McCarty J, Fort Worth, TX (from Internet) (observation) (1995): Kuper K+, Ophthalmologe (German) 92, 823 (1995): Lewis RJ, Br J Rheumatol 34, 84 (1995): Sharma VK+, Pediatr Dermatol 12, 178 (1995): Wolkenstein P+, Arch Dermatol 131, 544 (1994): Shelley WB+, Cutis 53, 159 (observation) (1993): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1990): Chan HL+, Arch Dermatol 126, 43 (1988): Platt R+, J Infect Dis 158, 474 (1985): Heer M+, Gastroenterology 88, 1954 (1982): Brettle RP+, J Infect 4, 149 (1979): Beck MH+, Clin Exp Dermatol 4, 201 (1978): Assaad D+, Can Med Assoc 118, 154 (1978): Azinge NO+, J Allergy Clin Immunol 62, 125 (1978): Kikuchi S+, Lancet 2, 580 (1978): Thorpe JA+, Lancet 1, 276 (fatal) (1975): Bernstein LS, Can Med Assoc J 112(Suppl), 96 (1970): Shaw DJ+, Johns Hopkins Med J 126, 130 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (1-10%) (2002): Correia O+, Arch Dermatol 138, 29 (three cases) (2002): John T+, Ophthalmology 109(2), 351 (2002): Nassif A+, J Invest Dermatol 118(4), 728 (2001): Paquet P+, Burns 27(6), 652 (2001): See S+, Ann Pharmacother 35(6), 694 (2001): Spies M+, Pediatrics 108, 1162 (2000): Moussala M+, J Fr Ophtalmol (French) 23, 229 (2000): Yang CH+, Int J Dermatol 39, 621 (with methotrexate) (1999): Egan CA+, J Am Acad Dermatol 40, 458 (6 cases) (1998): Arora VK+, Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 40, 125 (1998): Rademaker M+, New Zealand Adverse Drug Reactions Committee, April, 1998
(from Internet) (1998): Siegfried EC+, J Am Acad Dermatol 39, 797 (passim) (1996): Caumes E, Rev Mal Respir (French) 13, 101 (1996): Rehbein H, Jacksonville, FL (from Internet) (observation) (1996): Wagner FF+, N Engl J Med 334, 922 (1995): Jick H+, Pharmacotherapy 15, 428 (1995): Sharma VK+, Pediatr Dermatol 12, 178
(1995): Wolkenstein P+, Arch Dermatol 131, 544 (7 cases) (1993): Correia O+, Dermatology 186, 32 (1990): Chan HL+, Arch Dermatol 126, 43 (1990): Kobza Black A+, Br J Dermatol 123, 277 (1990): Roujeau JC+, Arch Dermatol 126, 37 (1990): Ward DJ+, Burns 16, 97 (1989): Carmichael AJ+, Lancet 2, 808 (1989): Whittington RM, Lancet 2, 574 (1988): De Raeve L+, Br J Dermatol 119, 521 (passim) (1987): Guillaume JC+, Arch Dermatol 123, 1166 (1987): Schöpf E, Infection 15(Suppl 5P), S254 (1986): Miller KD+, Am J Trop Med Hyg 33, 451 (1986): Revuz J, J Dermatol Paris 153 (abstract) (1986): Roman O+, Rev Pediatr Obstet Ginecol Pediatr (Romanian) 35, 261 (1984): Fong PH + , Singapore Med J 25, 184 (1984): Westly ED+, Arch Dermatol 120, 721 (1983): Petersen P+, Ugeskr Laeger (Danish) 145, 3345 (1982): Ortiz JE+, Ann Plast Surg 9, 249 (1978): Anhalt G+, Plastic Reconstr Surg 61, 905 (1978): Assaad D+, Can Med Assoc J 118, 154 (1978): Petricevic I+, Lijec Vjesn (Serbo-Croatian-Roman) 100, 596 (1975): Bernstein LS, Can Med Assoc J 112(Suppl), 96 (1973): Beyvin AJ+, Anesth Analg Paris (French) 30, 767 (1972): Chanial G+, J Med Lyon (French) 53, 859 (1971): Chanlal G+, Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr (French) 78, 565 Urticaria (1994): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1993): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1991): Greenberger PA, JAMA 265, 458 (1987): Schöpf E, Infection 15(Suppl 5P), S254 (1985): Goolamali SK, Postgrad Med J 61, 925 (1985): Maayan S+, Arch Intern Med 145, 1607 (1984): Kramer BS+, Cancer 53, 329 (1981): Abi-Mansur P+, Am J Gastroenterol 76, 356 (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399 Vasculitis (1998): Tonev S+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 11, 165 (1995): Lewis RJ, Br J Rheumatol 34, 84 (1989): Verne-Pignatelli J+, Postgrad Med J 65, 51 (1987): Schöpf E, Infection 15(Suppl 5P), S254 (1978): Braun-Falco O+, Hautarzt (German) 29, 371 (1978): Coquin Y+, Nouv Presse Med (French) 7, 3145 (1976): Wåhlin A+, Lancet 2, 1415 (1971): Koch-Weser J+, Arch Intern Med 128, 399 Vulvovaginitis
(1985): Wong ES+, Ann Intern Med 102, 302
Hair Hair-straight
(1999): Oakley A, Hamilton, New Zealand (from Internet) (observation)
Nails Nails-loss
(2000): Canning DA, J Urol 163, 1386
Other Anaphylactoid reactions
(1998): Bijl AM+, Clin Exp Allergy 28, 510 (trimethoprim) (1998): Siegfried EC+, J Am Acad Dermatol 39, 797 (passim) (1988): Arnold PA+, Drug Intell Clin Pharm 22, 43 (1985): Gossius G+, Scand J Infect Dis 16, 373 Aphthous stomatitis (1981): J Antimicrob Chemother 7, 179 Black tongue (1993): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) Dysgeusia (1988): Fischl MA+ , JAMA 259, 1185 Gingival hyperplasia (1997): Caron F+, Therapie (French) 52, 73 Glossitis Hypersensitivity (2001): Moran KA+, South Med J 94(3), 350 (‘sepsis-like’) (2000): Pirmohamed M+, Pharmacogenetics 10(8), 705 (1999): Lehman DF+, J Clin Pharmacol 39, 533 (1999): Pakianathan MR+, AIDS 13, 1787 (1998): Mohanasundaram J+, J Indian Med Assoc 96, 21 (1998): Ryan C+, WMJ 97, 23 (1997): Hicks ME+, Ann Pharmacother 31, 1259 (1994): Carr A+, AIDS 8, 333 (1993): Marinac JS+, Clin Infect Dis 16, 178 (1993): Martin GJ+, Clin Infect Dis 16, 175 (1993): Mathelier-Fusade P+, Presse Med (French) 22, 1363 (1993): Mehta J+, J Assoc Physicians India 41, 235 Mucocutaneous syndrome (1982): Brettle RP+, J Infect 4, 149 Myalgia Oral mucosal eruption (1991): Tilden ME+, Arch Ophthalmol 109, 67 (1988): Fihn SD+, Ann Intern Med 108, 350 (1-5%) Oral ulceration (1987): Hughes WT+, N Engl J Med 316, 1627
(1981): Orenstein WA+, Am J Med Sci 282, 27 Pseudolymphoma (1978): Laugier P+, Z Hautkr (German) 53, 353 Rhabdomyolysis (1988): Arnold PA+, Drug Intell Clin Pharm 22, 43 Serum sickness (<1%) (1988): Platt R+, J Infect Dis 158, 474 Stomatitis (<1%) (1999): Iborra C+, Arch Dermatol 135, 350 Tinnitus Tongue ulceration (1981): J Antimicrob Chemother 7, 179 Tremor (1999): Patterson RG+, Pharmacotherapy 19, 1456 *Note: Co-trimoxazole is a sulfonamide and can be absorbed systemically.
