ABSTRACT
Prevalence The Massachusetts Male Agency Study (MMAS) was a random sample cross-sectional observation study of 1709 healthy men aged 40-70 years which assessed the impact of ageing on a wide range of health-related issues.11 Fifty-two per cent of respondents reported some degree of ED (17% mild, 25% moderate, 10% complete) with prevalence increasing with age. Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with ED. The incidence was doubled in hypertensives, tripled in diabetic patients, and quadrupled in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD). Cigarette smoking increased the prevalence two-fold for all of these conditions, and a positive relationship was found for reduced HDL cholesterol and ED.
