ABSTRACT
Acetohexamide, 265, 613
Ackee fruit, 744
Acquired immune system, 215-216
ACS1. See Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase
Actinomycins, 56, 91
Acute hepatitis, 224, 238
Acute liver failure (ALF), 664
management, patient, 349-350
Acute myeloid leukemia, 640
Acyl glucuronides
binding, to proteins, reversible, 136
biochemical aspects of, 128-129
biosynthesis of, 129-130
chemical reactivity of, 126-127
glycation, 127
transacylation, 126-127
covalent binding
of acidic drugs, predictability of, 148-149
to proteins, 137-146
in vitro covalent binding to plasma and
tissue proteins, 138-139
in vivo covalent binding, 141
in vivo tissue protein binding, 141-144
mechanism of, 139-141
procedures to assay, 137-138
protein adducts, stability of, 144
tissue proteins, 145-146
degradation of, influencing factors, 134-136
hydrolysis of, 132
intramolecular acyl migration of, 133
mechanistic role of, 125-157
reactive, potential toxicological significance of,
150-151
separation and quantification of, 130-131
HPLC conditions for, 131
stability of, 132-136
hydrolysis rates, predictability, 133
stereochemical aspects of, 146-148
synthesis, isolation, and characterization of,
129-132
structural characterization, 131-132
Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACS1), 410
Adalimumab, 672
Adefovir, 570
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), 87
Adverse events reporting system (AERS), 778
Advil
, 448-449
AERS. See Adverse events reporting system
Affymetrixe microarrays, 309
Aflatoxins, 22, 254, 746, 764
Age
acetaminophen-induced liver disease and,
356-357
as risk factor, 292
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 1, 56, 207,
441-457, 493, 536, 568, 597-599, 611-613,
684, 725
Alcohol
abuse, 296-297
alcoholic hepatitis, 35
mitochondrial injury due to, 55
ALF. See Acute liver failure
Algorithms or clinical scales, 315, 337
Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability
scale, 315
probabilistic approaches, 315
Aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated, 761-762
carbon tetrachloride, 761
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, 762
tetrachloroethane, 761
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 485
Allopurinol, 3, 225, 248, 265, 632
Allyl alcohol, 161, 188
ALP. See Alkaline phosphatase
a-Methyldopa, 243, 248, 254, 265, 603
a-Tocopherol (vitamin E), 40
ALT. See Alanine aminotransferase
Amanita, 723-730
liver lesions, 726
management, 728-730
extracorporeal detoxification, 729
general management, 728
liver transplantation, 729-730
specific treatments, 728-729
poisoning manifestations, 725-726
prognosis, 726-728
toxins, 724-725
amatoxins, 724-725
chemical structure, 724
phallotoxins, 725
virotoxins, 725
Amanitin, 254
a-amanitin, 91
Amatoxins, 724-725
chemical structure, 724
Amineptine, 62, 209, 214, 254, 265, 511
Amino acid sequence, 311
Aminoglutethimide, 265
Aminosalicylates, 674
Aminosalicylic acid, 265
Aminotransferases, 579
dosage adjustment, 608
Amiodarone, 64, 230-231, 254, 594-597
Amitriptyline, 254, 265, 511
Amoxicillin-clavulanate, 217, 225, 265, 327
Amphotericin B, 534-535
Ampicillin, 528
Amprenavir, 579
Amsacrine, 56
ANA. See Antinuclear antibodies
Anabolic androgenic steroids, 711
cholestasis and hepatitis, 711
neoplasms of the liver, 711
vascular Lesions, 711
Anaprox
, 449
Anesthetic agents, 465-479
anesthetic-induced liver injury, 470-477
animal models, 470-471
halothane, 470-471
immune responses, 476-477
other volatile agents, 471
immune hypothesis, 472-477
enflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane,
475-476
halothane, 472-475
hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerants,
sevoflurane, 476
individual susceptibility factors, 477-478
immunological factors, 478
metabolic factors, 477
volatile anesthetic-induced hepatotoxicity
clinical features of, 465-467
halothane, 465-466
other volatile agents, 466-467
mechanism of immune-mediated hepato-
toxicity, 475
metabolism, 467-470
desflurane, 467-469
enflurane, 467-469
halothane, 467-468
isoflurane, 467-469
sevoflurane, 469-470
“Angel dust,” 520
Angiosarcoma, 224, 710
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 604
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, 604-605
Animal models
of anesthetic-induced liver injury, 470-471
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 672
Anorexia, 465
Ansaid
, 450
ANT. See Adenine nucleotide translocase
Anthracyclines, 56
Anthranilic acids, 452
Antiarrhythmic drugs, 593-598
amiodarone, 594-597
pathophysiologic mechanisms, 595
other antiarrhythmics, 598
aprindine, 597
procainamide, 597
propafenone, 597-598
quinidine, 597
Antibacterial agents, 527-534
beta-lactam antibiotics, 528-530
penicillins, 528-529
clindamycin, 534
daptomycin, 534
macrolide antibiotics, 530-531
nitrofurantoin, 533-534
oxazolidinones, 534
quinolones, 532-533
rifampin, 534
streptogramins, 534
sulfonamides, 531
tetracyclines, 531-532
vancomycin, 533
Anticancer drugs, 631-638
hepatic metabolism, 631-638
age, 637
and hepatic metabolism, 637
and liver toxicity, 637
drug interactions, 631-635. See also Drug
interactions
gender, 637
genetic polymorphisms, 638
nutrition, 637-638
and hepatic metabolism, 637-638
and liver toxicity, 638
underlying liver disease, 635-636
and hepatic metabolism, 635-636
and liver toxicity, 636
and modalities, 645-652
alkylating agents, 645-647
busulfan, 646
cyclophosphamide, 645-646
dacarbazine, 646
melphalan, 646-647
antimetabolites, 647-649
methotrexate, 647
thiopurines, 647-649
hormones, 651-652
cyproterone acetate, 652
flutamide, 652
tamoxifen, 651-652
miscellaneous anticancer drugs, 649-650
actinomycin d, 650
l-asparaginase, 649-650
monoclonal antibodies, 649
radiation, 650-651
Anticancer therapy, 642-645
Anticonvulsant agents, 6, 485-499. See also
Carbamazepine; Felbamate; Phenytoin;
Valproic acid
aromatic anticonvulsants, cross-sensitivity
between, 492
lamotrigine, 499
management, 499
oxcarbazepine, 489
phenobarbital, 492
Anticonvulsants, 6
Antidepressants, 510-514
liver injury, characteristics of, 512
monoamine oxidase inhibitor, 513
[Antidepressants]
iproniazid, 513
specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 513
mianserine, 513-514
nefazodone, 514
trazodone, 514
tricyclic antidepressants, 510-513
amineptine, 511
amitriptyline, 511
cross-sensitization, 511-513
imipramine, 511
other tricyclic antidepressants, 511
Antidiabetic drugs, 611-617
biguanides, 616
a-glucosidase inhibitors, 616-617
acarbose, 616-617
other a-glucosidase inhibitors, 617
insulins, 611
metiglinide analogues, 617
sulfonylureas, 611-612
acetohexamide, 613
chlorpropamide, 613
gliclazide, 613
glimepiride, 612
glyburide, 612
tolazamide, 612
tolbutamide, 612
thiazoladinediones, 613-616
second generation thiazolidinediones, 614-616
pioglitazone, 615-616
rosiglitazone, 614-615
troglitazone, 613-614
Antidotes and steroids for hepatitis-like
reactions, 348
Antiemetics, 254
Antifungal agents, 534-537
amphotericin B, 534-535
caspofungin, 535
oral antifungal agents, 535-537
fluconazole, 536
flucytosine, 537
griseofulvin, 537
itraconazole, 536
ketoconazole, 535-536
terbinafine, 536-537
voriconazole, 536
Antihistamine, 18
Antihypertensive drugs, 601-608
ace inhibitors, 604-605
captopril, 604-605
enalapril, 605
other ACE inhibitors, 605
ARBs, 605-606
b-blockers, 606
calcium-channel blockers, 606
centrally acting agents, 601-603
clonidine, 603
methyldopa, 603
combined a 1/b antagonist, 606
direct vasodilators, 603-604
hydralazine, 603-604
[Antihypertensive drugs]
diuretics, 607
furosemide, 607
hydrochlorothiazide, 607
spironolactone, 607
tienilic acid, 607
endothelin receptor antagonists, 607-608
Anti-inflammatory cytokines, 167
Antimalarial drugs, 65
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), 232
Antioxidant defense, in liver injury, 33-48.
