BURNING TONGUE

Alagille syndrome Amniotic band syndrome Bart’s syndrome AD 131:663-668, 1995 Behçet’s syndrome JAAD 19:767-779, 1988 Familial Mediterranean fever Cutis 37:290-292, 1986 Glucagonoma syndrome JAAD 30:324-329, 1994 Goltz’s syndrome Hereditary acral keratotic poikiloderma of Weary Ped Derm 13:427-429, 1996 Incontinentia pigmenti Job’s syndrome – vesicles on face and scalp Ped Derm 5:175-182, 1988 Kindler’s syndrome JAAD 6:263-265, 1982 NOMID syndrome Pachyonychia congenita – bullae of palms and soles JAAD 19:705-711, 1988 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy JAAD 28:29-32, 1993 Rothmund-Thomson syndrome Weber-Cockayne syndrome Ghanan p.72, 2002, Second Edition

Mustard gas exposure AD 128:775-780, 1992 Self-defense sprays (orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile) AD 129:913, 1993

Chilblains Coma blisters Cutis 45:423-426, 1990 Cryotherapy or cantharadin for warts Erythema ab igne Fracture blisters JAAD 30:1033-1034, 1994 Friction blisters Rook p.893-894, 1998, Sixth Edition Frostbite Rook p.958-959, 1998, Sixth Edition; Hand 15:185-191, 1983 Neonatal sucking blisters – on radial forearm, wrist, or hand Cutis 62:16-17, 1998 Nerve injury, traumatic Rook p.2776, 1998, Sixth Edition Neurotrophic blisters Dermatologica 166:212-214, 1983 Pressure bullae Pulling-boat hands JAAD 12:649-655, 1985 Runner’s blisters Thermal burns

Acantholytic vesicular dermatitis with leukocytoclastic vasculitis JAAD 15:1083-1089, 1986 Congenital lymphedema – Milroy’s disease

Ghatan p.93, 2002, Second Edition Anxiety Cancerophobia Candidiasis Contact dermatitis Drugs Geographic tongue Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Iron deficiency Menopause Nutritional deficiencies (B vitamins) Poor hygiene Squamous cell carcinoma Trauma Xerostomia

Allergic contact dermatitis Dermatomyositis Graft vs. host reaction, acute – malar flush Rook p.1919, 1998, Sixth Edition Lupus erythematosus – systemic lupus; discoid lupus erythematosus Rook p.2444-2449, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 269:1155-1161, 1963; neonatal LE JAAD 40:675-681, 1999; Clin Exp Rheumatol 6:169-172, 1988; systemic lupus Rook p.2473, 1998, Sixth Edition Pemphigus erythematosus (Senear-Usher syndrome) Int J Derm 24:16-25, 1985; JAAD 10:215-222, 1984; AD 13:761-781, 1926 Pemphigus foliaceus – starts in seborrheic distribution Rook p.1860-1861, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 83:52-70, 1961; pemphigus foliaceus of children – arcuate, circinate, polycyclic lesions JAAD 46:419-422, 2002; Ped Derm 3:459-463, 1986; endemic pemphigus of El Bagre region of Colombia JAAD 49:599-608, 2003 Pemphigus vulgaris Urticaria

Chlorpromazine pigmentation Corticosteroid atrophy and/or telangiectasias Docataxel-induced recall reaction BJD 153:441-443, 2005 Facial flush due to niacin, nicotinic acid; nifedipine 5-fluorouracil therapy, systemic or topical Fixed drug eruption Steroid rosacea

Irritant contact dermatitis

AIDS – HIV photosensitivity, seborrheic dermatitis Candida albicans – chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Demodex folliculitis Ped Derm 14:219-220, 1997 Erysipelas Gianotti-Crosti syndrome Herpes simplex – of face; perianal! butterfly rash BJD 147:134-138, 2002 Impetigo Infectious eczematoid dermatitis Leishmaniasis, including post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis Leprosy Lyme disease – malar erythema NEJM 321:586-596, 1989; AD 120:1017-1021, 1984 Measles Mycobacterium tuberculosis – lupus vulgaris Nocardia asteroides BJD 144:639-641, 2001 Papular acrodermatitis of childhood (Gianotti-Crosti syndrome) Parvovirus B19 – erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) Hum Pathol 31:488-497, 2000; J Clin Inf Dis 21:1424-1430, 1995; lupus-like rash Hum Pathol 31:488-497, 2000 Rubella Sporotrichosis – rosacea-like Tinea faciei Cutis 67:7, 2001 Varicella Viral exanthem Yaws

Colloid milium Clin Exp Dermatol 18:347-350, 1993; BJD 125:80-81, 1991 Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans Ghatan p.253, 2002, Second Edition

Erythema multiforme Kikuchi’s disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) – resembles lupus erythematosus or polymorphic light eruption Ped Derm 18:403-405, 2001 Lymphocytoma cutis Popsicle panniculitis Sarcoid – LE-like and lupus pernio Rook p.2688, 1998, Sixth Edition

Cushing’s syndrome Diabetic rubor Diabetes 14:201-208, 1965 Homocystinuria – red cheeks JAAD 40:279-281, 1999 Lysinuric protein intolerance – autosomal recessive; defect in membrane transport of cationic amino acids (lysine, arginine, ornithine); hyperammonemia; dermatitis resembling neonatal lupus Lancet 363:1038, 2004; Eur J Pediatr 160:5223, 2001

Mastocytosis Melasma Ochronosis – mottled pigmentation of face Rook p.1810, 1998, Sixth Edition Pellagra (niacin deficiency) Cutis 68:31-34, 2001; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; BJD 125:71-72, 1991 Pregnancy – hyperpigmentation including melasma Rook p.1780, 1998, Sixth Edition Zinc deficiency

Atrial myxoma – red-violet malar flush Cutis 62:275-280, 1998; Br Heart J 36:839, 1994; JAAD 21:1081, 1989 Diffuse cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis Kaposi’s sarcoma Leukemia – acute myelogenous leukemia Lymphocytoma cutis Lymphoma – angiocentric CTCL of childhood (hydroa-like lymphoma) of Latin America and Asia JAAD 38:574-579, 1998; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; HTLV-1 lymphoma; lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (B-cell lymphoma, immunocytoma) JAAD 49:1159-1162, 2003 Metastases – metastatic telangiectatic breast carcinoma JAAD 48:635-636, 2003 Nevus of Ota, bilateral Polycythemia vera – suffusion of the face Syringomas

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia Xanthomas, normolipemic – associated with myeloma

Actinic prurigo BJD 144:194-196, 2001; JAAD 44:952-956, 2001; Ped Derm 17:432-435, 2000; JAAD 26:683-692, 1992; Ped Derm 3:384-389, 1986; JAAD 5:183-190, 1981 Hydroa vacciniforme – red macules progress to tender papules, hemorrhagic vesicles or bullae, umbilication and crusting; pock-like scars JAAD 42:208-213, 2000; Rook p.988, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 118:101-108, 1988; Dermatology 189:428-429, 1994; JAAD 25:892-895, 1991; JAAD 25:401-403, 1991; BJD 118:101-108, 1988; AD 118:588-591, 1982; familial BJD 140:124-126, 1999; AD 114:1193-1196, 1978; AD 103:223-224, 1971; late onset BJD 144:874-877, 2001 Lichen planus actinicus – mimicking melasma JAAD 18:275-278, 1988 Melasma – upper lip, cheeks, forehead, chin JAAD 15:894-899, 1986; JAAD 4:698-710, 1981 Phototoxic eruptions Polymorphic light eruption – papules, plaques, and vesicles BJD 144:446-447, 2001; JID 115:467-470, 2000; JAAD 42:199-207, 2000

Acne rosacea Rook p.2104-2110, 1998, Sixth Edition Acne vulgaris

Atopic dermatitis Darier’s disease Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional lethal type (atrophicans generalisata gravis, Herlitz type) – extensive blistering and erosions at birth; perioral and nasal exuberant granulation tissue in butterfly distribution Rook p.1828-1829, 1998, Sixth Edition; Epidermolysis Bullosa: Basic and Clinical Aspects. New York: Springer, 1992:118-134 Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei JAAD 32:863-866, 1995 Erythrosis pigmentata faciei (erythrose peribuccale pigmentaire of Brocq) Ghatan p.60,253, 2002, Second Edition Granuloma faciale Granulosis rubra nasi Impetigo herpetiformis Keratosis pilaris Lentiginosis – acquired generalized Ofuji’s disease – eosinophilic pustular folliculitis Perioral dermatitis Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rubra pilaris Psoriasis Seborrheic dermatitis, including AIDS-associated seborrheic dermatitis BJD 111:603-607, 1984 Ulerythema ophyrogenes Vitiligo

Factitial dermatitis

Ataxia telangiectasia – telangiectasias in butterfly distribution, of bulbar conjunctivae, tip of nose, ears, antecubital and popliteal fossae, dorsal hands and feet; atrophy with mottled hypo-and hyperpigmentation, dermatomal CALMs, photosensitivity, canities, acanthosis nigricans, dermatitis; cutaneous granulomas present as papules or nodules, red plaques with atrophy or ulceration Rook p.2095,1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 10:431-438, 1984; Ann Intern Med 99:367-379, 1983 Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica) Bloom’s syndrome (congenital telangiectatic erythema and stunted growth) – autosomal recessive; slender face, prominent nose; facial telangiectatic erythema with involvement of eyelids, ear, hand and forearms; bulbar conjunctival telangiectasias; stunted growth; CALMs, clinodactyly, syndactyly, congenital heart disease, annular pancreas, high-pitched voice, testicular atrophy; no neurologic deficits Ped Derm 22:147-150, 2005; Ped Derm 14:120-124, 1997; JAAD 17:479-488, 1987; Am J Hum Genet 21:196-227, 1969; AD 94:687-694, 1966; Am J Dis Child 88:754-758, 1954 Carcinoid syndrome – foregut (stomach, lung, pancreas) – bright red geographic flush, sustained, with burning, lacrimation, wheezing, sweating; hindgut (ileal) – patchy, violaceous, intermixed with pallor, short duration Rook p.2101, 1998, Sixth Edition; edema, telangiectasia, cyanotic nose and face, rosacea Acta DV (Stockh) 41:264-276, 1961; white macules surrounded by erythema and telangiectasia BJD 90:547-551, 1974; pellagrous lesions Am Heart J 47:795-817, 1954 Cockayne syndrome – autosomal recessive; xerosis with rough, dry skin, anhidrosis, erythema of hands, hypogonadism; short stature, facial erythema in butterfly distribution leading to mottled pigmentation and atrophic scars, premature aged

appearance with loss of subcutaneous fat and sunken eyes, canities, mental deficiency, photosensitivity, disproportionately large hands, feet, and ears, ocular defects, demyelination Ped Derm 20:538-540, 2003; Am J Hum Genet 50:677-689, 1992; J Med Genet 18:288-293, 1981 Dubowitz’s syndrome Haber’s syndrome – rosacea-like facial erythema Hartnup’s disease Reiter’s syndrome Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome (REM syndrome) Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (poikiloderma congenitale) – autosomal recessive Am J Med Genet 22:102:11-17, 2001; Ped Derm 18:210-212, 2001; Ped Derm 16:59-61, 1999; Dermatol Clin 13:143-150, 1995; JAAD 27:75-762, 1992 Sjögren’s syndrome – erythema of nose and cheeks Rook p.2572, 1998, Sixth Edition Sweet’s syndrome Touraine centrofacial lentiginosis Tuberous sclerosis

Mercury poisoning – butterfly rash, flushing, perspiration of face, palmar erythema JAAD 45:966-967, 2001 Scombroid fish poisoning – facial flush

Air bag dermatitis AD 138:1383-1384, 2002 Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation secondary to burn Sunburn

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (Finkelstein’s disease) AD 139:531-536, 2003; Cutis 68:127-129, 2001; J Dermatol 28:279-281, 2001; Cutis 61:283-284, 1998; AD 130:1055-1060, 1994 Emboli – from cardiac myxomas; red-violet malar flush BJD 147:379-382, 2002 Mitral stenosis – malar flush Primary pulmonary hypertension Superior vena cava obstruction – suffusion of face Takayasu’s arteritis Temporal arteritis BJD 76:299-308, 1964 Vasculitis

CAFÉ AU LAIT MACULES, ASSOCIATIONS Ped Clin North Am 47:783-812, 2000; JAAD 37:864-869, 1997 Agminated café au lait macules (CALMs) Ataxia telangiectasia BJD 144:369-371, 2001; JAAD 42:939-969, 2000; JAMA 195:746-753, 1966 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome Ped Derm 16:77-83, 1999 Bloom’s syndrome Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995 CALM and intertriginous freckling

CALM and pulmonary stenosis Ann DV 107:313-327, 1980 CALM, temporal dysrhythmia, emotional instability Int J Neuropsychiatry 2:179-187, 1966 Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (Noonan-like short stature syndrome) (NS) – autosomal dominant; xerosis/ichthyosis, eczematous dermatitis, growth failure, hyperkeratotic papules, ulerythema ophryogenes, seborrheic dermatitis, CALMs, nevi, keratosis pilaris, patchy or widespread ichthyosiform eruption, sparse curly short scalp hair and eyebrows and lashes, hemangiomas, acanthosis nigricans, congenital lymphedema of the hands, redundant skin of the hands, short stature, abnormal facies, cardiac defects JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Ped Derm 17:231-234, 2000; JAAD 28:815-819, 1993; AD 129:46-47, 1993; JAAD 22:920-922, 1990; port wine stain Clin Genet 42:206-209, 1992 Cowden’s syndrome Bolognia p.859, 2003 Darier’s disease Cutis 59:193-195, 1997 Del (15q) syndrome Am J Med Genet 29:149-154, 1988 Dubowitz syndrome Am J Med Genet 2:275-284, 1978 Dyskeratosis congenita Ghatan p.239, 2002, Second Edition Epidermal nevus syndrome Ped Derm 6:316-320, 1989 FACES (unique facies, anorexia, cachexia, eye, skin lesions) J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 4:227-231, 1984 Familial CALMs AD 130:1425-1426, 1994 Familial CALMs – NF type VI Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995 Fanconi’s anemia Ped Derm 16:77-83, 1999 Gaucher’s disease Gastrocutaneous syndrome – peptic ulcer/hiatal hernia, multiple lentigines, café-au-lait macules, hypertelorism, myopia Am J Med Genet 11:161-176, 1982 Hunter’s disease Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome – coast of Maine CALMs, pigmented nevi and freckle-like macules, fibromas in long bones and jaw, mental retardation, hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, precocious puberty, ocular anomalies, cardiovascular malformations and kyphoscoliosis Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995; Clin Orthop Rel Res 168:192-205, 1982 Johanson-Blizzard syndrome – autosomal recessive; growth retardation, microcephaly, ACC of scalp, sparse hair, hypoplastic ala nasi, CALMs, hypoplastic nipples and areolae, hypothyroidism, sensorineural deafness Clin Genet 14:247-250, 1978 Johnson-McMillin syndrome – autosomal dominant, facial nerve palsy, hearing loss, hyposmia, hypogonadism, microtia, alopecia Bolognia p.859, 2003 Juvenile xanthogranulomas – juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia with familial or sporadic neurofibromatosis Bolognia p.859, 2003 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome Clin Exp Dermatol 12:12-17, 1987 LEOPARD (Moynahan’s) syndrome – autosomal dominant; CALMs, granular cell myoblastomas, steatocystoma multiplex, small penis, hyperelastic skin, low-set ears, short webbed neck, short stature, syndactyly Ped Derm 20:173-175, 2003; JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; J Dermatol 25:341-343, 1998; Am J Med 60:447-456, 1976; AD 107:259-261, 1973; Am J Dis Child 117:652-662, 1969 Leschke’s syndrome – growth retardation, mental retardation, diabetes mellitus, genital hypoplasia, hypothyroidism Bolognia p.859, 2003 Maffucci’s syndrome JAAD 52:191-195, 2005; Ped Derm 16:77-83, 1999

McCune-Albright syndrome (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia) – giant café au lait macules Ped Derm 8:35-39, 1991; Dermatol Clin 5:193-203, 1987 MEN type I, III, or IIb JAAD 42:939-969, 2000; Ped Derm 8:124-128, 1991 Mukamel syndrome – autosomal recessive; premature graying in infancy, lentigines, depigmented macules, mental retardation, spastic paraparesis, microcephaly, scoliosis Bolognia p.859,988, 2003 Neurofibromatosis type I (von Recklinghausen’s syndrome) Dermatol Clinics 13:105-111, 1995; Curr Prob Cancer 7:1-34, 1982; NEJM 305:1617-1627, 1981 Neurofibromatosis type I-Noonan syndrome Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995 Neurofibromatosis type II (central neurofibromatosis) Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995 Neurofibromatosis type III (mixed) Bolognia p.859, 2003 Neurofibromatosis type IV (variant) Bolognia p.859, 2003 Neurofibromatosis, segmental – NF type V Bolognia p.859, 2003 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome Niemann-Pick disease – autosomal recessive; sphingomyelinase deficiency Rook p.2644, 1998, Sixth Edition Nijmegen breakage syndrome – autosomal recessive; microcephaly, mental retardation, prenatal onset short stature, bird-like facies, café-au-lait macules Am J Med Genet 66:378-398, 1996 Noonan’s syndrome – lax skin JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995; J Pediatr 66:48-63, 1965 Partial unilateral lentiginosis Bolognia p.859, 2003 Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) Rook p.2812, 1998, Sixth Edition Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica – coexistence of CALM, an organoid nevus and a popular speckled lentiginous nevus Skin and Allergy News, page 34, Sept 2000 Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type Ia – port wine stain, congenital Becker’s nevus, café au lait macules, and lentigines J Dermatol 26:834-836, 1999 Piebaldism Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995 Proteus syndrome – café au lait macules Ped Derm 14:1-5, 1997; port wine stains, subcutaneous hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, lymphangioma circumscriptum, hemihypertrophy of the face, limbs, trunk; macrodactyly, cerebriform hypertrophy of palmar and/or plantar surfaces, macrocephaly; verrucous epidermal nevi, sebaceous nevi with hyper-or hypopigmentation Am J Med Genet 27:99-117, 1987; vascular nevi, soft subcutaneous masses; lipodystrophy, linear and whorled macular pigmentation Am J Med Genet 27:87-97, 1987; Pediatrics 76:984-989, 1985; Eur J Pediatr 140:5-12, 1983 Ring chromosomes 7, 12, 15 Bolognia p.859, 2003 Ring chromosome 11 – CALMs microcephaly, mental retardation Am J Med Genet 30:911-916, 1988; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999 Ring chromosome 17 – multiple café au lait macules, short stature Ped Derm 22:270-275, 2005 Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome – arciform keloids, hypertrichosis, long eyelashes, thick eyebrows, keratosis pilaris or ulerythema ophyrogenes, low-set ears, very short stature, broad terminal phalanges of thumbs and great toes, hemangiomas, nevus flammeus, café au lait macules, pilomatrixomas, cardiac anomalies, mental retardation Ped Derm 19:177-179, 2002; Am J Dis Child 105:588-608, 1963

Russell-Silver syndrome – large head, short stature, premature sexual development, CALMs, clinodactyly, syndactyly of toes, small triangular face, ambiguous genitalia, excessive sweating JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; J Med Genet 36:837-842, 1999; Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995; Am J Med Genet 35:245-250, 1990 Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia Eur J Pediatr 159:1-7, 2000 Tay syndrome – autosomal recessive, growth retardation, triangular face, cirrhosis, trident hands, premature canities, vitiligo Bolognia p.859, 2003 Tuberous sclerosis Clin Exp Dermatol 10:562-565, 1985 Turner’s syndrome Urticaria pigmentosa – simulates café au lait macules Von Hippel-Lindau disease – macular telangiectatic nevi, facial or occipitocervical; retinal angiomatosis, cerebellar or medullary or spinal hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma. pheochromocytoma, café au lait macules Arch Intern Med 136:769-777, 1976 Watson syndrome – autosomal dominant; intertriginous (axillary and perianal) freckling, CALMs, short stature, intellectual deficit, pulmonary valve stenosis JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995 Westerhof syndrome – autosomal dominant, hyper-and hypopigmented macules on trunk and extremities, short stature, small sella turcica, cervical ribs AD 114:931-936, 1978

CELLULITIS IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST Acanthamebiasis in AIDS AD 131:1291-1296, 1995 Alternariosis AD 124:1822-1825, 1988; Alternaria chartarum – red, scaly plaque BJD 142:1261-1262, 2000 Anthrax Int J Derm 203, 4/81 Aspergillosis, primary cutaneous JAAD 12:313-318, 1985; JAAD 31:344-347, 1994 Bacillary angiomatosis – plaque with hyperkeratotic center BJD 126:535-541, 1992 Campylobacter jejuni – erysipelas-like lesions in patient with hypogammaglobulinemia Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 11:842-847, 1992 Candidiasis Chagas’ disease (reactivation post-transplant) Cutis 48:37-40, 1991 Clostridium septicum Rev Infect Dis 1:13, 1991 Cryptococcosis – cellulitis Cutis 72:320-322, 2003; J Dermatol 30:405-410, 2003; Clin Inf Dis 33:700-705, 2001; Australas J Dermatol 38:29-32, 1997; JAAD 32:844-850, 1995; Scand J Infect Dis 26:623-626, 1994; Clin Inf Dis 16:826-827, 1993; Clin Inf Dis 14:666-672, 1992; Int J Dermatol 29:41-44, 1990; JAAD 17:329-332, 1987; Cutis 34:359-361, 1984 Cunninghamella Am J Clin Pathol 80:98, 1983 Dematiaceous fungal infections in organ transplant recipients

Alternaria Bipolaris hawaiiensis Exophiala jeanselmei, E. spinifera, E. pisciphera, E.castellani Exserohilum rostratum Fonsacaea pedrosoi Phialophora parasitica

Escherichia coli Clin Pediatr 26:592, 1987 Erysipelothrix insidiosa

Fusarium solanae – digital cellulitis Rook p.1375, 1998, Sixth Edition Group G streptococcus AD 118:934, 1982 Helicobacter cinaedi Ann Intern Med 121:90, 1994 Hemophilus influenzae Am J Med 63:449, 1977 Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Histoplasmosis – cellulitis AD 118:3-4, 1982; S Med J 74:635-637, 1981; AD 95:345-350, 1967; panniculitis AD 132:341-346, 1996; JAAD 25:912-914, 1991; JAAD 25:418-422, 1991; Medicine 60:361-373, 1990; AD 118:3-4, 1982 Legionella micdadei Am J Med 92:104-106, 1992 Moraxella species – preseptal cellulitis and facial erysipelas Clin Exp Dermatol 19:321-323, 1994 Mucormycosis Mycobacterium abscessus – cellulitis J Clin Inf Dis 24:1147-1153, 1997 Mycobacterium avium intracellulare JAAD 33:528-531, 1995; JAAD 21:574-576, 1989 Mycobacterium bovis AD 126:123-124, 1990 Mycobacterium chelonae – cellulitis J Infect Dis 166:405-412,1992; with pustules JAAD 24:867-870, 1991; Mycobacterium fortuitum – panniculitis JAAD 39:650-653, 1998; cellulitis Dermatol Surg 26:588-590, 2000 Mycobacterium haemophilum Am J Transplant 2:476-479, 2002; BJD 149:200-202, 2003; JAAD 40:804-806, 1994 Mycobacterium kansasii – red plaque JAAD 41:854-856, 1999; JAAD 40:359-363, 1999; JAAD 36:497-499, 1997; Cutis 31:87-89, 1983; Am Rev Resp Dis 112:125,1979 Mycobacterium szulgai – diffuse cellulitis, nodules, and sinuses Am Rev Respir Dis 115:695-698, 1977 Mycobacterium thermoresistible – violaceous indurated plaque Clin Inf Dis 31:816-817, 2000 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clin Exp Dermatol 25:222-223, 2000 Myiasis – palpebral myiasis presenting as preseptal cellulitis Arch Ophthalmol 116:684, 1998 Morganella morganii Nocardiosis JAAD 23:399-400, 1990; JAAD 13:125-133, 1985 Nocardia asteroides AD 121:898-900, 1985 Onchocerciasis Paecilomyces JAAD 37:270-271, 1997; JAAD 35:779-781, 1996;AD 122:1169, 1986 Phaeohyphomycosis JAAD 18:1023-1030, 1988 Phlegmon Prevotella species J Clin Inf Dis (Suppl 2):S88-93, 1997 Protothecosis JAAD 31:920-924, 1994; AD 125:1249-1252, 1989; cellulitis Cutis 63:185-188, 1999; JAAD 32:758, 1995; BJD 146:688-693, 2002 Pseudallescheria boydii JAAD 21:167-179, 1989 Pseudomonas aeruginosa JAMA 248:2156, 1982 Rhizopus Arch Surg 111:532, 1976 Serratia marcescens – cellulitis JAAD 49:S193-194, 2003; JAMA 250:2348, 1983 Sporotrichosis JAAD 40:272-274, 1999 Staphylococcus aureus Ped 18:249, 1956

Staphylococcus epidermidis AD 120:1099, 1984 Staphylococcal folliculitis in AIDS JAAD 21:1024, 1026, 1989 Streptococcus iniae NEJM 337:589-594, 1997 Streptococcus pneumoniae Am J Med 59:293, 1975 Streptococcus zooepidemicus Aust NZ J Med 20:177-178, 1990 Trichophyton rubrum, invasive Cutis 67:457-462, 2001 Trichosporon cutaneum AD 129:1020-1023, 1993 Vibrio vulnificus Ann Intern Med 129:318, 1988 Yersinia enterocolitica Xanthomonas maltophilia AD 128:702, 1992 Zygomycosis Ped Inf Dis J 4:672-676, 1985; red plaque with central eschar AD 131:833-834, 836-837, 1995

Graft vs. host disease, chronic – ripply skin AD 138:924-934, 2002 Pemphigus vegetans – cerebriform tongue BJD 104:587-591, 1981 Severe combined immunodeficiency – skin redundancy

Abnormal nevoblast migration mimicking neurofibromatosis AD 127:1702-1704, 1991 Congenital fascial dystrophy (rippled skin) JAAD 943-950, 1989 Congenital cutaneous plate-like osteoma cutis – mountain range topography Ped Derm 10:371-376, 1993 Double lip Cutis 66:253-254, 2000

Aquagenic wrinkling of hands due to rofecoxib Ped Derm 19:353-355, 2002 Aquagenic wrinkling of hands in cystic fibrosis Med Biol Immunol 25:205-210, 1975

Lobomycosis

Amyloidosis – nodular cutaneous amyloidosis AD 133:909-914, 1997 Juvenile xanthogranuloma Langerhans cell histiocytosis AD 126:1617-1620, 1990 Localized lichen myxedematosus (papular mucinosis) in morbid obesity BJD 148:165-168, 2003 Mastocytoma BJD 144:208-209, 2001; BJD 103:329-34, 1980; diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis Pretibial myxedema AD 127:247-252, 1991 Scleromyxedema (papular mucinosis) – thick folding of skin; cerebriform palmar rippling JAAD 44:273-281, 2001; lichen myxedematosus – cerebriform infiltration of palms and soles

Verruciform xanthoma of toes in a patient with Milroy’s disease due to persistent leg edema Ped Derm 20:44-47, 2003; JAAD 20:313-317, 1989 Xanthoma disseminatum – mountain range topography AD 121:1313-1317, 1985

Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (perifolliculitis capitis abscessus et suffodiens) JAAD 53:1-37, 2005

ACTH overproduction in infants – redundant thickened skin Erythropoietic protoporphyria Hunter’s syndrome – decreased sulfoiduronate sulfatase Ped Derm 15:370-373, 1998 Hyaluronan metabolic abnormality – generalized lax and cerebriform redundant skin J Pediatr 136:62-68, 2000 Obesity – redundant skin Pretibial myxedema Thyroid acropachy Tuberous xanthoma

Apocrine acrosyringeal keratosis arising in syringocystadenoma papilliferum BJD 142:543-547, 2000 Apocrine epithelioma JAAD 13:355-363, 1985 Bowenoid papulosis AD 130:1311-1316, 1994 Clear cell acanthoma (giant) BJD 143:1114-1115, 2000 Connective tissue nevus (collagenoma) – paving stone nevus Ped Derm 11:84-85, 1994; isolated palmar cerebriform collagenoma AD 133:909-914, 1997; isolated plantar cerebriform collagenoma AD 127:1589-1590, 1991 Connective tissue nevi may be seen in:

Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome Down’s syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Eruptive collagenoma Familial cutaneous collagenoma Hunter’s syndrome (pectoral and scapular) Knuckle pads Proteus syndrome Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Tuberous sclerosis

Cylindromas AD 137:219-224, 2001 Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Eccrine syringofibroadenoma AD 126:945-949, 1990 Elastoma in actinically damaged skin JAAD 52:1106-1108, 2005 Epidermal nevus Keloid Keratoacanthoma Leiomyomatosis Lipoma Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma AD 138:191-198, 2002; primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma of the legs AD 132:1304-1308, 1996; Ki-1+ lymphoma

Melanocytic nevus, congenital J Pediatr 120:906-911, 1992; Rook p.1733-1735, 1998, Sixth Edition; giant cerebriform intradermal nevus Dermatol Surg 28:75-79, 2002; Ann Plast Surg 19:84-88, 1987 Melanoma arising in a giant cerebriform nevus AD 96:536-539, 1967; nodular amelanotic metastases BJD 142:533-536, 2000 Mucinous nevus (connective tissue hamartoma) AD 141:897-902, 2005 Nevus lipomatosis superficialis Ped Derm 20:313-314, 2003; Ped Derm 13:345-346, 1996; Arch Dermatol Syphilol 130:327, 1921 Nevus sebaceus Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.409, 2001; Rook p.535, 1998, Sixth Edition Seborrheic keratosis Rook p.1659-1660, 1998, Sixth Edition Smooth muscle hamartoma Trichoblastoma J Dermatol 24:174-178, 1997 Verrucous carcinoma

Tripe palms – rippled skin Clinics Derm 11:165-174, 1993

Aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma Dermatology 204:8, 2002; JAAD 45:124, 2001 Cutis laxa – redundant skin Cutis verticis gyrata

Acromegaly Amyloidosis, primary systemic Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Apert’s syndrome Am J Med Genet 44:82-89, 1992 Beare-Stevenson syndrome – acanthosis nigricans, hypertelorism, cleft palate, bifid scrotum, large umbilical stump, skin furrows of the face, hands, feet, axilla, and/or perineum, cutis verticis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, craniosynostosis, craniofacial dysmorphism, digital anomalies, umbilical and anogenital anomalies, early death Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003; Am J Med Genet 44:82-89, 1992; BJD 81:241, 1969 Cutis verticis gyrata-mental deficiency syndrome Clin Dysmorphol 7:131-134, 1998 Darier’s disease Dermatomyositis Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Fibromas Ann Surg 118:154-158, 1943 Fragile X syndrome Lancet 2:279, 1989 Idiopathic Inflammatory dermatoses Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (retardation with EEG abnormalities) Dev Med Child Neurol 16:196-200, 1974 Melanocytic nevi, congenital Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Mental retardation Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Myxedema Neonatal Ped Derm 1:153-156, 1983 Neurofibromas Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome) Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Post-traumatic Thyroid aplasia Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Tuberous sclerosis Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003

Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp Striae, cerebriform

Beare-Stevenson syndrome – cutis verticis gyrata of scalp, cutis gyrata (furrowed skin), corrugated forehead, acanthosis nigricans, macular hyperpigmentation of antecubital and popliteal fossae, hypertelorism, swollen lips, swollen fingers, prominent eyes, ear anomalies, and umbilical herniation Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome – skin redundancy Cutis verticis gyrata-mental deficiency syndrome Clin Dysmorphol 7:131-134, 1998 Donahue’s syndrome (leprechaunism) – redundant thickened skin Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – redundant skin on palms and soles Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) – cutis laxa with cerebriform tongue, corneal lattice dystrophy, cranial and peripheral polyneuropathy BJD 152:250-257, 2005 Laron dwarfism – redundant thickened skin Maffucci’s syndrome Michelin tire syndrome with smooth muscle hamartoma in males – diffuse smooth muscle hamartoma; excessive folds of firm skin on extremities, especially ankles and wrists; generalized hypertrichosis, palmar cerebriform plaques JAAD 46:477-490, 2002; JAAD 28:364-370, 1992; Ped Derm 6:329-331, 1989; nevus lipomatosis in females JAAD 46:477-490, 2002; congenital diffuse lipomatosis Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.428, 2001 Mucopolysaccharidoses Neurofibromatosis type I – neurofibromas of the feet Rook p.379, 1998, Sixth Edition; Dermatol Clinics 13:105-111, 1995; Curr Prob Cancer 7:1-34, 1982; NEJM 305:1617-1627, 1981 Pachydermoperiostosis – cerebriform facial features JAAD 31:947-953, 1994; Medicine 70:208-214, 1991; AD 124:1831-1834, 1988; cerebriform rippling of palms and soles J Dermatol 27:106-109, 2000 Proteus syndrome – cerebroid thickening of palms and soles (connective tissue nevi) JAAD 52:834-838, 2005; JAMA 285:2240-2243, 2001; AD 133:77-80, 1997; JAAD 25:377-383, 1991; Ped Derm 6:344-345, 1989; AD 125:1109-1114, 1989; Eur J Pediatr 140:5-12, 1983 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum – redundant skin Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Shulman’s syndrome (eosinophilic fasciitis) – rippled skin Turner’s syndrome – lymphedema of the scalp mimicking cutis verticis gyrata Ped Derm 15:18-22, 1998

Immersion foot (rippled skin)

Giant angiofibroma Cutis 42:429-432, 1988 Hemangioma Lymphangioma Lymphedema, congenital (Milroy’s disease) Lymphedema precox Lymphostasis verrucosa cutis (chronic lymphedema) (Kaposi-Stemmer sign) – failure to pick up fold of skin Rook p.2285, 1998, Sixth Edition

CHALKY MATERIAL EXTRUDED FROM LESION Calcinosis cutis – idiopathic calcinosis cutis Rook p.2664, 1998, Sixth Edition; dystrophic calcification in chronic renal failure, scleroderma, CREST syndrome Rook p.2529, 1998, Sixth Edition; tumoral calcinosis – around hip, elbow, ankle, and scapula Seminars in Dermatol 3:53-61, 1984; exogenous calcium AD 89:360-363, 1964; EEG/EMG paste – firm yellow plaque with or without extrusion of white material; red nodule with white extrusion Cutis 52:161-164, 1993; calcinosis cutis secondary to subcutaneous calcium heparin injections JAAD 50:210-214, 2004; tumoral calcinosis J Dermatol 23:545-550, 1996 Calcium oxalate Epidermoid cyst Gouty tophi Cutis 48:445-451, 1991; Ann Rheum Dis 29:461-468, 1970 Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum Eur Urol 13:130-131, 1987 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Myeloma with cryoglobulinemia – follicular spicules JAAD 32:834-839, 1995 Osteoma cutis Am J Dermatopathol 15:77-81, 1993 Pilomatrixoma Rheumatoid nodules Xanthomas

Allergic contact dermatitis – multiple allergens; lipsticks, lip salves, mouthwashes, dentifrices, dental preparations, foods, citrus fruits, mango, nail polish, sunscreen Contact Dermatitis 45:173, 2001; AD 134:511-513, 1998; JAAD 39:488-490, 1998; Contact Dermatitis 33:365-370, 1995; angular cheilitis; granulomatous cheilitis – cobalt Clin Exp Dermatol 15:384-396, 1990; cinnamic aldehyde (food additive) BJD 131:921-922, 1994; sodium laurel sulfate in toothpaste Contact Dermatitis 42:111, 2000; potassium persulfate in dental cleanser Contact Dermatitis 41:268-271, 1999; colophonium in dental floss Am J Contact Dermatitis 10:198-200, 1999; castor oil in lipstick Contact Dermatitis 42:114-115, 2000 Chronic granulomatous disease – cheilitis JAAD 36:899-907, 1997; JAAD 23:444-450, 1990 Cicatricial pemphigoid Lupus erythematosus – systemic lupus erythematosus BJD 144:1219-1223, 2001; BJD 135:355-362, 1996; BJD 121:727-741, 1989; discoid LE – lip ulcer, systemic lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus BJD 135:355-362, 1996; Clin Exp Dermatol 11:309-313, 1986 Pemphigus vegetans, Neumann variant JAAD 39:872-875, 1998 Pemphigus vulgaris; IgA/IgG pemphigus Ped Derm 22:321-327, 2005 Sjögren’s syndrome – red swollen lip J Dermatol 28:47-49, 2001; angular cheilitis Rook p.2572, 1998, Sixth Edition

Anticholinergics Anticonvulsants Antihistamines Antineoplastics Capecitabine (Xeloda) JAAD 45:790-791, 2001 Diuretics Drug eruptions, multiple types 5-fluorouracil Fixed drug eruptions Int J Derm 37:833-838, 1998 HAART (high activity antiretroviral therapy) therapy – eruptive cheilitis Med Oral 6:19-30, 2001 Indinivir (cheilitis) – lip fissures and cheilitis JAAD 46:284-293, 2002; Sex Transm Infect 76:323-324, 2000 Itraconazole – photodermatitis and retinoid-like dermatitis J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 14:501-503, 2000 Lovastatin – cheilitis Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Mevastatin – cheilitis Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Narcotics Postgrad Med J 68:303-304, 1992 Pellagrous dermatitis – drug-induced pellagra-like dermatitis – 6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil, INH (all of the above – also seborrhic dermatitis-like); resembles Hartnup disease Cutis 68:31-34, 2001; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; BJD 125:71-72, 1991 Penicillamine Arch Int Med 120:374-376, 1967 Pravastatin – cheilitis Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Protease inhibitors AIDS 14:1289-1291, 2000 Quinidine photo-induced lichen planus Retinoid cheilitis Rook p.1969, 1998, Sixth Edition; Clin Pharm 8:344-351, 1989; Dermatologica 175 Suppl 1:151-157, 1987 Simvastatin Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Toxic epidermal necrolysis BJD 68:355-361, 1956 Voriconazole – photodermatitis with acute and chronic changes of sun damage JAAD 52:S81-85, 2005; photodermatitis and retinoid-like dermatitis Ped Derm 21:675-678, 2004; Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:240-248, 2002; Clin Exp Dermatol 26:648-653, 2001

Betel chewer’s perleche BJD 89:98, 1973 Chlorhexidine Irritant contact dermatitis – many agents; capsicum (red peppers) red hands and red lips Cutis 72:21-23, 2003 Silica granuloma – mimics granulomatous cheilitis Dermatologica 181:246-247, 1990 Tattooing, cosmetic AD 141:918-919, 2005 Vitamin A toxicity J Hepatol 31:142-148, 1999; Ann DV 118:51-52, 1991

AIDS – photo-lichenoid eruption of AIDS Bejel Botryomycosis Cutis 55:149-152, 1995 Cancrum oris (noma) Candida cheilitis (angular cheilitis) (perleche) Med Oral 2:201-208, 1997; J Oral Pathol 15:213-217, 1985; chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; candidiasis in AIDS

Elephantiasis nostras of the lips – presumed streptococcal infection Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Endod 84:297-300, 1997 Hand, foot and mouth disease (Coxsackie virus) Rook p.3133-3134, 1998, Sixth Edition Herpes simplex – primary, recurrent, eczema herpeticum Rook p.3133-3134, 1998, Sixth Edition Herpes zoster Rook p.3133-3134, 1998, Sixth Edition Impetigo – streptococcal or staphylococcal Rook p.3133-3134, 1998, Sixth Edition Leishmania brasiliensis J Clin Inf Dis 22:1-13, 1996 Measles – red granular lips Tyring p.408, 2002 Orf Br Dent J 173:343-344, 1992 Parvovirus B19, including papular-purpuric ‘gloves and socks’ syndrome – swollen lips with painful erosive cheilitis JAAD 41:793-796, 1999 Scarlet fever Scopulariopsis brevicaulis – ulcerous granulomatous cheilitis JAAD 31:881, 1994 Staphylococcus aureus – angular cheilitis Rook p.1068, 1998, Sixth Edition; fissuring of midline of lower lip Clin Exp Dermatol 11:289-291, 1986 Syphilis – primary chancre; secondary – split papules (angular cheilitis) Rook p.1247, 1998, Sixth Edition; congenital syphilis – split papules Rook p.1254, 1998, Sixth Edition Trichophyton rubrum Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 30:201-206, 1970 Vaccinia Br Dent J 143:57-59, 1977 Varicella Yaws

Plasma cell cheilitis – with lip ulcer JAAD 30:789-780, 1994

Cheilitis granulomatosa (Miescher’s cheilitis) Oral Dis 3:188-192, 1997; AD 124:1706-1709, 1988; J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:474-478, 1986; Dermatologica 91:57-64, 1945 Crohn’s disease – granulomatous cheilitis, fissures of lips, and angular cheilitis with ulceration; multiple aphthae, cobblestoning of the buccal mucosa, linear ulcers of the sulci, pyostomatitis vegetans, fissures of the lower lip, tiny nodules of the gingival and alveolar mucosa J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 32:339-341,2001; AD 135:439-442, 1999; JAAD 36:986-988, 1997; J R Soc Med 75:414-417, 1982; JAAD 5:689-695, 1981; angular cheilitis Rook p.3120, 1998, Sixth Edition Erythema multiforme – hemorrhagic cheilitis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome Rook p.3133, 1998, Sixth Edition Orofacial granulomatosis Br Dent J 163:154-157, 1987 Periadenitis mucosae necrotica recurrens (Sutton’s disease) AD 133:1161-1166, 1997 Pyostomatitis vegetans Rook p.3142, 1998, Sixth Edition Sarcoid – granulomatous cheilitis JAAD 29:822-824, 1993 Toxic epidermal necrolysis Rook p.2086, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 68:355-361, 1956

Acrodermatitis enteropathica (zinc deficiency) – angular cheilitis Ped Derm 19:426-431, 2002; Rook p.2670, 1998, Sixth Edition;

acquired zinc deficiency with erythema and scaling of entire vermilion Ariboflavinosis – angular stomatitis Celiac disease – angular cheilitis Rook p.3120, 1998, Sixth Edition Folic acid – angular cheilitis Lancet Aug 28;2 (7722):453-454, 1971 Hartnup’s disease – cheilitis and angular stomatitis Iron deficiency – angular cheilitis J Am Dent Assoc 99:640-641, 1979 Kwashiorkor (protein and caloric deprivation) – angular cheilitis and cheilitis Cutis 67:321-327, 2001; JAAD 21:1-30, 1989 Liver disease, chronic (cirrhosis) – cheilitis; zinc deficiency; generalized dermatitis of erythema craquele (crackled and reticulated dermatitis) with perianal and perigenital erosions and crusts, hair loss Rook p.2726, 1998, Sixth Edition; Ann DV 114:39-53, 1987 Malabsorption – angular cheilitis Rook p.3120, 1998, Sixth Edition Methylmalonic acidemia, cobalamin C type – red lips Dermatol Pediatr Lat 1:46-48, 2003; AD 133:1563-1566, 1997 Pellagra (niacin deficiency) – crusted lips; Casal’s necklace; red pigmented sharply marginated photodistributed rash, including drug-induced pellagra-like dermatitis – 6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil, INH (all of the above – also seb derm-like); resembles Hartnup disease Cutis 68:31-34, 2001; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; BJD 125:71-72, 1991 Pernicious anemia – angular cheilitis Rook p.3120, 1998, Sixth Edition Porphyria cutanea tarda – cheilitis of lower lip Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 90:705-708, 2000; angular cheilitis Pseudoglucagonoma syndrome due to malnutrition – angular cheilitis AD 141:914-916, 2005 Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency – angular cheilitis; sore red lips, tongue, and mouth Clinics in Derm 17:457-461, 1999; AD 112:70-72, 1976

Actinic cheilitis Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 88:181-186, 1999; Rook p.1676, 1998, Sixth Edition; Derm Surg 23:15-21, 1997 Basal cell carcinoma Benign lymphoplasia – pruritic cheilitis; itching of the vermilion border Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 55:759-767, 1983; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 55:359-362, 1983 Hyperkeratotic cheilitis in association with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia JAAD 41:481-483, 1999 Leukoplakia Leukemic macrocheilitis JAAD 14:353-358, 1986 Squamous cell carcinoma

Glucagonoma syndrome (necrolytic migratory erythema) – angular cheilitis; scaling papules and plaques JAAD 24:473-477, 1991 Paraneoplastic pemphigus – erosive cheilitis; associated with Castleman’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thymoma, or follicular dendritic cell sarcoma BJD 153:558-564, 2005; Hautarzt 52:159-172, 2001; NEJM 323:1729-1735, 1990

Acute sunburn Rook p.3137, 1998, Sixth Edition Actinic prurigo BJD 144:194-196, 2001; JAAD 44:952-956, 2001; Ped Derm 17:432-435, 2000; JAAD 26:683-692, 1992; Ped Derm 3:384-389, 1986; JAAD 5:183-190, 1981 Hydroa vacciniforme AD 122:1310-1313, 1986 Phytophotodermatitis

Angular cheilitis – candida, staphylocci, immune deficiency, dentures, overbite, atopic dermatitis, riboflavin, iron, folate deficiencies, protein malnutrition, hypersalivation (drooling) (Down’s syndrome), edentulous patients, prognathism Rook p.3135-3136, 1998, Sixth Edition Atopic cheilitis Am J Contact Dermatitis 10:198-200, 1999; Allergy 46:125-128, 1991; Dermatologica 177:360-364, 1988 Cheilitis exfoliativa (chapped lips) Dermatology 196:253-255, 1998; Rook p.3131, 1998, Sixth Edition Cheilitis glandularis (Puente’s disease) – inflammatory condition of the lower lip minor salivary glands; enlargement with a mucus ductal discharge, eversion, and hardening of the lip Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78:319-322, 1994; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 62:654-656, 1986 Chronic fissural cheilitis – due to anterior dental crowding Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 119:71-75, 2001 Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis – crusted patch of lip Am J Dermatopathol 17:189-191, 1995 Ichthyosiform dermatosis with superficial blister formation and peeling JAAD 34:379-385, 1996 Kimura’s disease – hemorrhagic cheilitis JAAD 43:905-907, 2000 Lichen planus BJD 138:145-146, 1996; BJD 132:1000-1002, 1995 Median deep vertical fissure of lower lip Xerosis Ghatan p.75, 2002, Second Edition

Factitial cheilitis (cheilitis exfoliativa, cheilorrhagia and cheilitis glandularis) Ped Derm 16:12-15, 1999; Dermatologica 170:93-97, 1985; JAAD 8:368-372, 1983; AD 117:338-340, 1981

Bloom’s syndrome – bullae, crusting, and bleeding of the lips Ped Derm 14:120-124, 1997 Darier’s disease Down’s syndrome – cheilitis with fissured lip Ghatan p.130, 2002, Second Edition Hereditary mucoepithelial dystrophy – angular cheilitis Ped Derm 12:195, 1995 Hughes’ syndrome – acromegaloid features and thickened oral mucosa; thickened fissured lips J Med Genet 22:119-125, 1985 Hyper-IgE syndrome IFAP – ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia – angular cheilitis BJD 142:157-162, 2000; Ped Derm 12:195, 1995 Kawasaki’s disease – erythematous and/or fissured lips JAAD 39:383-398, 1998 Keratosis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome – bright red thickened lips; hyperkeratotic papules and plaques of face, scalp, trunk,

extremities; exaggerated diaper dermatitis Ped Derm 13:105-113, 1996; BJD 122:689-697, 1990 Kindler’s syndrome Lesch-Nyhan syndrome – cheilitis due to biting Ped Derm 13:169-170, 1996 Mal de Meleda – cheilitis Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome AD 136:1557-1558, 2000; JAAD 21:1263-1270, 1989 Mucoepithelial dysplasia (gap junction disease) – perleche Peeling skin syndrome, fissured cheilitis, blistering of palms and soles, and desmosomal abnormalities JAAD 34:379-385, 1996 Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma Reiter’s syndrome Shedding oral mucosa syndrome – may be HIV-associated Shwachman syndrome Ped Derm 9:57-61, 1992 Trichothiodystrophy syndromes – BIDS, IBIDS, PIBIDS – cheilitis, poikiloderma, sparse or absent eyelashes and eyebrows, brittle hair, premature aging, sexual immaturity, ichthyosis, dysmyelination, bird-like facies, dental caries; trichothiodystrophy with ichthyosis, urologic malformations, hypercalciuria and mental and physical retardation JAAD 44:891-920, 2001; Ped Derm 14:441-445, 1997 Xeroderma pigmentosum

Acrodynia – mercury poisoning Ped Derm 21:254-259, 2004

Biting Burns – heat, irradiation, chemicals, electricity Rook p.3144, 1998, Sixth Edition Clarinetist’s cheilitis Cutis 38:183-184, 1986 Cold and wind Dental flossing – angular cheilitis JAAD 15:113-114, 1986 Electrical burn Lip licking Am J Contact Dermatitis 10:198-200, 1999 Mechanical trauma Radiation Teething ring cheilitis Cutis 34:362,364, 1984

Arteriovenous malformation Pyogenic granuloma

J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 111:96-105, 1996; Surg Gynecol Obstet 104:390, 1995

Chondromas Enchondromas Eosinophilic granuloma

Fibromas Lipomas Neurilemmomas Neurofibromas Osteochondromas Osteomyelitis

Chondrosarcomas Clear cell carcinoma Ewing’s sarcoma Lymphoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Metastases Osteosarcoma Plasmacytomas Rhabdomyosarcoma

Bolognia p.930, 2003 AEC syndrome (Hay-Wells syndrome) Beare-Stevenson cutis verticis gyrata syndrome Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia Dermal melanocytosis EEC syndrome Encephaloceles Nasal glioma Nail-patella syndrome Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome Oculocerebrotendinous syndrome Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 Pai syndrome – facial skin tags, nasal polyps, CNS lipomas Popliteal pterygium syndrome Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome Van der Woude syndrome Waardenburg syndrome type 1 or 3 4p-syndrome (Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome)

Allergic contact dermatitis – cobblestoning of lips Dermatitis herpetiformis – maculopapular lesions on alveolar mucosa

Desquamative gingivitis Graft vs. host disease

Pemphigus vegetans AD 128:397-402, 1992; AD 121:271-272, 1985; pemphigus vegetans, Neumann variant – cobblestoned lips, palate, and tongue JAAD 39:872-875, 1998; cerebriform tongue BJD 104:587-591, 1981 Systemic lupus erythematosus

Corticosteroid atrophy Cyclosporine – gingival hyperplasia Tacrolimus – personal observation

Bromides – verrucous or vegetative lesions Dentures – verrucous or vegetative lesions Iodides – verrucous or vegetative lesions Silica granuloma (white cobblestoned) AD 127:692-694, 1991

Bartonellosis – verrucous and/or vegetative lesions Bejel (endemic syphilis) – verrucous or vegetative lesions Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (Donovanosis) J Clin Inf Dis 25:24-32, 1997 Candidiasis – chronic nodular candidiasis Rook p.1341, 1998, Sixth Edition; papillary hyperplasia of the palate; chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Annu Rev Med 32:491-497, 1981; atrophic candidiasis; cobblestoning of lips Coccidioidomycosis – verrucous or vegetative lesions Condyloma acuminata Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck’s disease) – lips and/or palatal cobblestoning; HPV 13, 32 AD 140:1227-1231, 2004; AD 138:1309-1314, 2002; BJD 144:1067-1069, 2001; Ped Derm 10:240-244, 1993; AD 127:887-892, 1991; JAAD 1:499-502, 1979 Granuloma inguinale Herpetic gingivostomatitis Histoplasmosis Cutis 55:104-106, 1995 Koplik’s spots

Measles Parvovirus B19

Leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous Leprosy Mucormycosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis – lupus vulgaris Ped Derm 20:429-431, 2003; tuberculosis verrucosa cutis North American blastomycosis Oral hairy leukoplakia (tongue) Paracoccidioidomycosis (palate) Cutis 40:214-216, 1987 Pinta – verrucous or vegetative lesions Rhinoscleroma – verrucous or vegetative lesions Rhinosporidiosis Streptococcal gingivostomatitis Syphilis – chancre (primary) – verrucous or vegetative lesion; mucous patch, hyperplastic syphilis, interstitial glossitis (tertiary lues); syphilitic oral condylomata JAAD 29:756, 1993; cobblestoning of lips Verrucae vulgaris – of lips Tyring p.272, 2002 Yaws – verrucous or vegetative lesions

Amyloidosis Infantile systemic hyalinosis – gingival thickening Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis – gingival thickening Lichen myxedematosus Plasma cell orificial mucositis (lips and tongue) AD 122:1321-1324, 1986 Verruciform (verrucous) xanthoma – gingiva and alveolar ridge are most common locations JAAD 42:343-347, 2000; Cutis 51:369-372, 1993 Xanthoma disseminatum JAAD 26:433-436, 1991

Cheilitis granulomatosa – cobblestoned lips Crohn’s disease – palatal or intraoral cobblestoning or granular appearance AD 135:439-442, 1999; nodules of gingiva JAAD 36:697-704, 1997; AD 127:887-892, 1991, JAAD 12:260-268, 1985; JAAD 27:40, 1990; cobblestoned lips Rook p.2722, 1998, Sixth Edition Desquamative gingivitis Eruptive lingual papillitis – tongue papules composed of fungiform papillae of tip and side of tongue BJD 150:299-303, 2004 Granular appearance JAAD 27:40, 1990 Migratory mucositis of the lip Orofacial granulomatosis – facial edema with swelling of lips, cheeks, eyelids, forehead, mucosal tags, mucosal cobblestoning, gingivitis, oral aphthae BJD 143:1119-1121, 2000 Pyostomatitis vegetans – deep fissures, pustules, papillary projections Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 75:220-224, 1993; J Oral Pathol Med 21:128-133, 1992; Gastroenterology 103:668-674, 1992; JAAD 21:381-387, 1989; AD 121:94-98, 1985 Sarcoidosis Verrucous hyperplasia of the mucosa Whipple’s disease

Pernicious anemia – cobblestoned deep red tongue Rook p.2736, 1998, Sixth Edition Plane xanthomas Pregnancy gingivitis

Acquired dyskeratotic leukoplakia AD 124:117-120, 1988 Adenoid cystic carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Bowen’s disease Epithelioma – verrucous or vegetative lesion Erythroplasia of Queyrat Fordyce spots Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis Leukemia – acute myelomonocytic leukemia; erythroleukemia Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) JAAD 22:569-577, 1990; Hodgkin’s disease Melanocytic nevi Mucosal neuroma

Plasmacytoma – cobblestoning of lips Plasmoacanthoma – cobblestoning of lips Proliferative verrucous hyperplasia (leukoplakia) AD 127:887-892, 1991 Sebaceous adenoma Seborrheic keratosis Squamous cell carcinoma Rook p.3075, 1998, Sixth Edition Sublingual keratosis (leukoplakia) Rook p.3098, 1998, Sixth Edition Verrucous carcinoma (oral florid papillomatosis) JAAD 32:1-21, 1995; AD 127:887-892, 1991 Verrucous leukoplakia – verrucous lesion White sponge nevus AD 117:73-76, 1981

Acanthosis nigricans, malignant JAAD 25:361-365, 1991; lips and/or palatal cobblestoning AD 130:649-654, 1994; JAAD 31:1-19, 1994; Clin Genet 50:160, 1991

Acanthosis nigricans – lips and/or palatal cobblestoning AD 130:649-654, 1994 Black hairy tongue – verrucous or vegetative changes Cheilitis glandularis Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis) – Clin Dermatol 19:193-205, 1994; JAAD 27:40-50, 1992; JAAD 27:40-50, 1992 Diffuse epithelial hyperplasia Fissured tongue Geographic stomatitis J Oral Pathol Med 20:425-428, 1991 Geographic tongue (normal variant, psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, Reiter’s syndrome) J Oral Pathol Med 20:425-428, 1991 Hypertrophy of fungiform papillae of tongue Lichen planus; lichen planus vegetans Scrotal tongue

Factitial cheilitis – cobblestoned lips Ped Derm 16:12-15, 1999

Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome AD 132:1214-1218, 1996 Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome – fibrofolliculomas AD 135:1195-1202, 1999 Cowden’s syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome) – verrucous and papillomatous lesions on labial and buccal mucosa, fauces, and oropharynx; palatal cobblestoning Rook p.2711, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 11:1127-1141, 1984; Ann DV 106:453-463, 1979; AD 114:743-746, 1978; smooth pink or whitish papules of palatal, gingival, and labial mucosa Oral Surg 49:314-316, 1980 Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy AD 124:424-428, 1988 Dyskeratosis congenita Epidermal nevus syndrome Syndromes of the Head and Neck, p.363, 1990

Goltz’s syndrome Lipoid proteinosis JAAD 39:149-171, 1998 Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis – digital papule; knuckle pads yellow papules and plaques Rook p.2325-2326, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 126:251-252, 1990; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 65:721-725, 1988; Pathology 17:601-608, 1985; JAAD 11:713-723, 1984; AD 97:543-547, 1968 Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN I) – gingival cobblestoning AD 133:853-857, 1997 Multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome – MEN Type II (palate) Neurofibromatosis – papillomatosis of the palate Nevus sebaceous syndrome (Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome) – cobblestoning of hard palate JAAD 52:S62-64, 2005; Am J Dis Child 104:675-679, 1962; Fortschr Roentgenstr 87:716-720, 1957 Pachyonychia congenita Pseudoxanthoma elasticum JAAD 42:324-328, 2000; Dermatology 199:3-7, 1999; AD 124:1559, 1988 Reiter’s syndrome Sjögren’s syndrome Sweet’s syndrome Tuberous sclerosis – gingival fibromas Xerostomia – tongue cobblestoning

Nicotine stomatitis Tobacco chewing – diffuse epithelial hyperplasia

Morsicatio buccarum (cheek biting) – oral papillomatosis due to chronic buccal trauma Cutis 43:254-257, 1989; cobblestoning with biting papillomas Bolognia p.1085, 2003; Dentate tongue – scalloping Papillary hyperplasia of the palate

Lymphangioma circumscriptum Rook p.2292,3066, 1998, Sixth Edition; Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 90:283, 1982 Lymphatic malformation BJD 148:1279-1282, 2003 Pyogenic granuloma – verrucous or vegetative lesion Wegener’s granulomatosis (gingival hyperplasia) AD 130:861-867, 1994; JAMA 246:2610, 1981

Dermatomyositis – cutaneous mucinosis JAAD 14:1-18, 1986 Lupus erythematosus – discoid lupus erythematosus; papular and nodular mucinosis with SLE BJD 115:631-636, 1986 Scleroderma – cobblestoning of dorsum of hand Rook p.2529, 1998, Sixth Edition

Smooth muscle hamartoma

Cyclosporine-induced folliculodystrophy – cobblestoned follicular facial and earlobe papules (viral-associated trichodysplasia?) JAAD 50:318-322, 2004) JAAD 50:310-315, 2004

Aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma (aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma, aquagenic keratoderma BJD 152:394-395, 2005; Dermatology 204:8, 2002; JAAD 45:124, 2001 Cold urticaria – positive ice cube test Exogenous ochronosis (grainy appearance) – topical application of hydroquinone JAAD 22:529-531, 1990

Blastomycosis-like pyoderma Botryomycosis JAAD 9:428-434, 1983 Condyloma acuminatum Rook p.3216, 1998, Sixth Edition Generalized deep dermatophytosis (trichophytic granuloma) – Trichophyton rubrum AD 140:624-625, 2004 Leishmaniasis – post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; rippled skin BJD 143:136-143, 2000 Leprosy, lepromatous Lobomycosis Molluscum contagiosum in AIDS Ped Derm 20:436-439, 2003; Rook p.2752, 1998, Sixth Edition Pitted keratolysis Protothecosis BJD 146:713-715, 2002 Schistomiasis – vulvar cobblestoned nodule Am J Surg Pathol 8:787-790, 1984 Small pox scarring Verrucae vulgaris, including flat warts in AIDS – HPV 5, 6 or 11 Cutis 63:91-94, 1999; JAAD 23:978-981, 1990; warts in Netherton’s syndrome BJD 144:1044-1049, 2001

Amyloidosis – lichen amyloidosis Rook p.2628-2630, 1998, Sixth Edition; macular amyloid tumefactive (nodular) amyloidosis – uncommon variant of cutaneous localized amyloid; female predominance; deposits of amyloid in papillary and reticular dermis and subcutaneous fat; 15% of these patients actually have primary systemic amyloidosis AD 124:769-774, 1988; AD 102:8-19, 1970; BJD 82:129-136, 1970 Benign non-X histiocytosis – including xanthoma disseminatum, generalized eruptive histiocytoma, or indeterminate cell disorder JAAD 18:1282-1289, 1988 Colloid milium Focal cutaneous mucinosis Langerhans cell histiocytosis Clin Exp Dermatol 27:135-137, 2002 Lichen myxedematosis BJD 144:594-596, 2001; scleromyxedema – associated with paraproteinemia (IgG lambda light chains) (110 Kd 7S IgG); may be missing a portion of the Fc fragment; not usually associated with myeloma (those are IgG kappa light chains) Cutis 39:219-223, 1987

Localized lichen myxedematosus (papular mucinosis) in morbid obesity BJD 148:165-168, 2003 Mastocytosis – crocodile-like pachydermic skin; mastocytoma BJD 144:208-209, 2001; BJD 103:329-34, 1980; xanthelasmoidea Med Chir Trans 66:329-347, 1883 Primary cutaneous mucinoses include acral mucinosis, self healing juvenile cutaneous mucinois, focal cutaneous mucinosis, lichen myxedematosus, and cutaneous mucinosis of infancy JAAD 28:797-798, 1993 Self-healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis – ‘corrugated’ appearance of papules; rapid onset asymptomatic papules in linear arrays; face, neck, scalp, trunk, and thighs; nodules on face and joints with arthritis underlying joints JAAD 11:327-332, 1984 Verruciform (verrucous) xanthoma – gingiva and alveolar ridge are most common locations; may be found on genitalia or extragenital sites; isolated flat papillomatous plaque; no associated hyperlipidemia; mimics verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of genitalia; may be seen with ILVEN or in CHILD syndrome JAAD 42:343-347, 2000; Cutis 51:369-372, 1993 Xanthoma disseminatum – normolipemic mucocutaneous xanthomatosis; yellow to orange papules in flexures and intertriginous areas; internal involvement of pituitary, bone marrow, brain, respiratory system, heart, kidney, pancreas, lymph nodes, uterus, muscles, and mucous membranes; associated with diabetes insipidus; blindness, cerebellar ataxia, and internal hydrocephalus due to lesions on or near the hypophysis BJD 150:346-349, 2004; JAAD 23:341-346, 1990

Chronic peristomal papillomatous dermatitis BJD 143:1248-1260, 2000 Crohn’s disease – peristomal Crohn’s disease BJD 143:1248-1260, 2000 Eosinophilic fasciitis Curr Rheum Reports 4:113, 2002; Rheum Dis Clin North Am 21:231, 1995; Assoc Am Physicians 88:70, 1985 Lymphocytoma cutis Rosai-Dorfman disease BJD 149:672-674, 2003

Anasarca – with bullae Cystic fibrosis – wrinkling of skin after immersion in water Lancet ii:358-359, 1974 Diabetic finger pebbling (Huntley’s papules) (finger pebbles) Cutis 69:298-300, 2002; JAAD 14:612-617, 1986 Osteomas – multiple miliary facial osteomas (miliary osteoma cutis) Cutis 69:383-386, 2002 Porphyria – erythropoietic protoporphyria Eur J Pediatr 159:719-725, 2000; J Inherit Metab Dis 20:258-269, 1997; BJD 131:751-766, 1994; Curr Probl Dermatol 20:123-134, 1991; Am J Med 60:8-22, 1976; porphyria cutanea tarda, variegate porphyria Pretibial myxedema – occurs in 1-10% of patients with Grave’s disease. Often associated with exophthalmos NEJM 352:918, 2005; JAAD 14:1-18,1986; AD 117:250-251, 1981; elephantiasic pretibial myxedema JAAD 46:723-726, 2002 Thyroid acropachy Xanthomatosis – type II hypercholesterolemia – including tuberous xanthomas of the eyelids Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.139, 1999

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma JAAD 48:S67-68, 2003 Bowen’s disease, vulvar Ann DV 109:811-812, 1982; Cancer 14:318-329, 1961 Bowenoid papulosis (vulvar) Rook p.3234, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 29:644-646, 1993 Chordoma (sacral tumor) – non-tender, firm, flesh colored smooth surfaced nodules; may be painful; tumors arising from the notochord (embryonic precursor of axial skeleton); localize in midline; sacrococcygeal (50%), non-sacral vertebrae (15%), and at base of skull (35%); metastases may occur JAAD 29:63-66, 1993 Clear cell acanthoma (velvety plaque) – usually on legs; 3-20 mm JAAD 44:314-316, 2001; JAAD 21:313-315, 1989 Connective tissue nevus Ped Derm 11:84-85, 1994; Curr Prob Derm 8:137-188, 1996; disseminated collagenomas Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans – starts as indurated dermal plaque which becomes cobblestoned or multilobulated; trunk more common than proximal extremities or head and neck JAAD 20:151-152, 1989 Eccrine syringofibroadenoma – acrosyringeal hamartoma; may be solitary, dermatomal or multiple nevoid tumors; associated with other eccrine tumors or ectodermal dysplasia syndromes; face, back, abdomen, buttock, or extremities; tapioca puddinglike surface; 0.1-25 cm papules, nodules, fleshy, spongy, or verrucous plaques; AD 126:945-949, 1990 Epidermal nevus – systematized (ichthyosis hystrix) Granular cell tumor of the vulva – single or multiple; slow growing solitary nodules or plaques with smooth or hyperkeratotic surface; tongue (35%), head and neck (50%), vulva (5.3%) Ped Derm 10:153-155, 1993 Grzybowski’s eruptive keratoacanthomas – non-familial; crops of pruritic lesions on head and neck; numerous lesions under 1cm; heal with scarring JAAD 21:1023-1024, 1989 Hamartomas – multiple hamartomas of the ears JAAD 24:293-295, 1991 Hidrocystomas, multiple Kaposi’s sarcoma Leukemia – adult T-cell leukemia (HTLV-1 leukemia/lymphoma); Southwest Japan, Caribbean, Southeast US, South America, Africa; all areas where HTLV-1 is endemic; three-quarters of patients have cutaneous involvement which resembles that of CTCL; acute and progressive course; ATL cells are suppressor T-cells and express Tac (IL-2R) on the cell surface AD 134:439-444, 1998; JAAD 34:69-76, 1996; BJD 128:483-492, 1993; Am J Med 84:919-928, 1988; JAAD 13:213-219, 1985 Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma JAAD 23:653-662, 1990; Hodgkin’s disease AD 116:1038-1040, 1980 Melanocytic nevus – congenital melanocytic nevus – Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.80, 1999; Rook p.1733-1735, 1998, Sixth Edition Metastases – bile duct carcinoma (rippled appearance) – percutaneous biliary catheterization may disseminate tumor cells along the catheter tract JAAD 25:848-849, 1991 Mucinous nevus BJD 148:1064-1066, 2003 Nevoid epidermoid cysts Nevus lipomatosis superficialis Ped Derm 20:313-314, 2003; Arch Dermatol Syphilol 130:327, 1921 Nevus sebaceus Bolognia p.1736, 2003 Osteoma cutis with unilateral linear basal cell nevus – may be seen as multiple primary osteomas of the face of women,

diffuse multiple osteomas of the extremities, Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy (short stature, round face, absence of several knuckles with or without mental retardation), fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (ossification of fascia, aponeurosis, and muscular structures, microdactyly) JAAD 20:973-978, 1989 Papillomatosis cutis carcinoides Cutis 62:77-80, 1998 Penile carcinoma with HPV 18 – either HPV 16 or 18 may be implicated in penile carcinoma JAAD 20:887-889, 1989 Sebaceous gland hypertrophy of labia minora Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby, p.104, 1998; Rook p.3205, 1998, Sixth Edition Seborrheic keratosis Smooth muscle hamartoma Spitz nevus Great Cases from the South; AAD Meeting; March 2000 Squamous cell carcinoma Syringocystadenoma papilliferum Trichoblastoma AD 137:219-224, 2001 Trichodiscomas – multiple agminated trichodiscomas of earlobe JAAD 49:729-730, 2003 Trichoepitheliomas, multiple Bolognia p.1736, 2003; Am J Dermatopathol 24:402-405, 2002; of nose AD 87:102-114, 1963 Xanthogranulomas – generalized lichenoid juvenile xanthogranulomas Br J Derm 126:66-70,1992

Acanthosis nigricans, malignant Bazex syndrome BJD 103:301-306, 1980 Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma Cutis 59:333-336, 1997 Tripe palms J Clin Oncol 7:669-678, 1989; JAAD 16:217-219, 1987

Actinic reticuloid (chronic actinic dermatitis) – chronic photosensitivity disorder associated with CTCL; sensitive to UVB JAAD 21:1134-1137, 1989; JAAD 38:877-905, 1998; Sem Derm 161, Sept 1982; AD 115:1078-1083, 1979

Acantholytic dermatosis of the vulvocrural area – vulvar papules, cobblestoning of the vulva and thighs Cutis 67:217-219, 2001 Acanthosis nigricans, pseudo-acanthosis nigricans, benign Acquired plantar hyperkeratosis Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa Darier’s disease JAAD 27:40-50, 1992 Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis AD 130:1026-1033, 1994 Excess skin folds with cobblestone appearance in:

Dermatosparaxis AD 129:1310-1315, 1993 Cutis laxa – autosomal dominant (good prognosis), autosomal recessive (one form with severe cardiorespiratory symptoms), X-linked recessive (X-linked Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-joint laxity, bladder diverticula, hernia, cranial occipital exostoses), or acquired (may follow febrile illnesses, seen in offspring of mothers with cystinuria taking penicillamine; also DeBarsy syndrome, Patterson syndrome, wrinkly skin syndrome, geroderma osteoplastica, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, SCARF syndrome (skeletal

abnormalities, ambiguous genitalia, craniostenosis, retardation, and facial abnormalities), amyloidosis and plasma cell dyscrasia) AD 129:757-762, 1993

Fox-Fordyce disease Granular parakeratosis Ped Derm 20:215-220, 2003 Hailey-Hailey disease JAAD 26:951-955, 1992 Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (hyperkeratosis areolae mammae) JAAD 41:274-276, 1999; Eur J Dermatol 8:131-132, 1998 JAAD 13:596-598, 1985; AD 126:687, 1990; estrogen-induced Cutis 26:95-96, 1980 Ichthyosis hystrix (Lambert type) JAAD 36:646-647, 1997 Lichen planus Lichen simplex chronicus; of the vulva Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby, 1998, p.158; nodular lichen simplex chronicus of the scrotum BJD 144:915-916, 2001 Mal de Meleda (recessive transgressive palmoplantar keratoderma) – lichenoid cobblestoned plaques on the knees Ped Derm 14:186-191, 1997 Ofuji’s disease (eosinophilic pustular folliculitis) – crops of follicular papules and pustules on face, trunk and extremities; leukocytosis with eosinophilia and elevated IgG, IgA and IgE JAAD 12:268-273, 1985 Perforating granuloma annulare AD 137:1647-1652, 2001 Perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules AD 128:24-242, 1992 Pityriasis rubra pilaris in AIDS JAAD 27:260-262, 1992 Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.84, 1998; Cutis 35:77-79, 1985 Psoriasis with tripe palms Clin Exp Dermatol 5:181-189, 1980 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis JAAD 51:165-185, 2004 Rhinophyma Scleredema Scrotal glans penis Int J Derm 36:762-763, 1997 Striae atrophicae Terra firme Vohwinkel’s palmoplantar keratoderma White fibrous papulosis of the neck (fibroelastolytic papulosis) – cobblestoning with 2-4-mm skin-colored papules JAAD 51:958-964, 2004; Int J Derm 35:720-722, 1996; JAAD 20:1073-1077, 1989

Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome – fibrofolliculomas; autosomal dominant; fibrofolliculomas (of mesodermal and epithelial origin), trichodiscomas (of mesodermal origin) and acrochordons on face, neck, scalp and upper trunk; differential diagnosis includes multiple trichoepitheliomas (autosomal dominant), Cowden’s syndrome (autosomal dominant), fibrofolliculomas (autosomal dominant), trichodiscomas (autosomal dominant), perifollicular fibromas and adenoma sebaceum (autosomal dominant); association with renal cell carcinoma JAAD 16:452-457, 1987 Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome – skin-colored to yellow papules Ped Derm 22:133-137, 2005; JAAD 49:1163-1166, 2003; BJD 144:890-893, 2001 Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatitis with reticulate scarring – cobblestoned scars AD 121:361-367, 1985

Cowden’s syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome) – trichilemmomas coalescing around the eyes and mouth JAAD 11:1127-1141, 1984; AD 114:743-746, 1978 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis JAAD 32:523-524, 1995 Hunter’s syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IIb) – X-linked recessive; scapular papules; also posterior axillary lines, upper arms, forearms, chest, outer thighs; decreased sulfoiduronate sulfatase; flesh colored papules overlying scapulae; linear and reticular patterns; also on shoulder, upper arms and chest, and lateral thighs; rough thickened skin, coarse scalp hair and hirsutism; coarse facies with frontal bossing, hypertelorism and thick tongue; dysostosis multiplex; hunched shoulders and characteristic posturing; hepatosplenomegaly; upper respiratory infections due to laryngeal or tracheal stenosis; mental retardation; deafness; retinal degeneration and corneal clouding; umbilical and inguinal hernias; thickened heart valves leading to congestive heart failure BJD 148:1173-1178, 2003; Clin Exp Dermatol 24:179-182, 1999; AD 134:108-109, 1998; JAAD 39:1013-1015, 1998; Ped Derm 15:370-373, 1998; Am J Med Genet 47:456-457, 1993; Ped Derm 7:150-152, 1990 Hurler’s syndrome – scapular papules; pebbling of skin between scapulae or on deltoid region; also posterior axillary lines, upper arms, forearms, chest, outer thighs Acta Paediatr 41:161-167, 1952 Hutchinson-Guilford syndrome – soft and pebbly nodules HID syndrome (hystrix-like ichthyosis with deafness) – autosomal dominant; shark-skin appearance, sensorineural deafness, spiky and cobblestoned hyperkeratosis, neonatal erythroderma, scarring alopecia, occasional punctate keratitis; probably variant of KID syndrome with mutation of connexin 26 (gap junction protein) BJD 146:938-942, 2002 Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis – autosomal recessive; ages 2 to adult; myofibroblastic origin; face, scalp and back; joint deformities, gingival hyperplasia and papillomatous perianal lesions Ped Derm 6:68, 1989 Lipoid proteinosis – hyaline-like material is PAS+ and diastase resistant JAAD 16:1193-1201, 1987 Michelin tire baby syndrome Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Clin Derm 11:107-111, 1993; JAAD 11:713-723, 1984 Neurofibromatosis type I – elephantiasis neurofibromatosa Pachydermoperiostosis – cobblestoned palmoplantar hyperkeratosis J Dermatol 27:106-109, 2000 Perioral cobblestoning, ichthyosis and deafness AD 124:102-106, 1988 Proteus syndrome – cerebriform hyperplasia or connective tissue nevus of soles AD 140:947-953, 2004; JAMA 285:2240-2243, 2001; Ped Derm 6:344-345, 1989 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum – linear and reticulated cobblestoned yellow papules and plaques JAAD 42:324-328, 2000; Dermatology 199:3-7, 1999; AD 124:1559, 1988; PXE and acrosclerosis Proc R Soc Med 70:567-570, 1977 ROMBO syndrome – autosomal dominant; grainy skin, multiple basal cell carcinomas, vermicular atrophoderma, trichoepitheliomas, hypotrichosis, cyanosis of hands and feet; differential diagnosis includes Bazex syndrome (follicular atrophoderma, hypotrichosis, basal cell carcinomas), Rasmussen syndrome (milia, trichoepithliomas and cylindromas), and Birt-Hogg-Dube JAAD 28:1011-1014, 1993 Tuberous sclerosis – connective tissue nevus; adenoma sebaceum

Eosinophilic myalgia syndrome – L-tryptophan Am J Med 88:542-546, 1990

Scar Verrucous hyperplasia of the stump Warm weather immersion foot – wrinkled appearance Dermatol Clinics 17:1-17, 1999 Wrestler’s ear

Elephantiasis verrucosa nostra – lymphostasis verrucosa cutis; chronic lymphedema – congenital, inherited, acquired Cutis 62:77-80, 1998; elephantiasis nostras of penis AD 137:1095-1100, 2001; lymphedema of vulva Arch Pathol Lab Med 124:1697-1699, 2000; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.222, 1998 Glomangioma JAAD 45:239-245, 2001 Glomerulovenous malformation AD 140:971-976, 2004 Hemolymphangioma Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome with lymphangiomas Lymphangiectasia (acquired lymphangioma) – due to scarring processes such as recurrent infections, radiotherapy, scrofuloderma, scleroderma, keloids, tumors, tuberculosis, repeated trauma Rook p.2294-2295, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 132:1014-1016, 1996 Lymphangioma circumscriptum Rook p.2292, 1998, Sixth Edition; J Derm Surg Oncol 14:357-364, 1988 Lymphedema, congenital Port wine stain (nevus flammeus) JAAD 37:523-549, 1997; old port wine stain AD 120:1453-1455, 1984; port wine stain with epithelial and mesenchymal hamartomas JAAD 50:608-612, 2004 Varicosities – chronic congestive heart failure Venous stasis ulceration (chronic venous insufficiency) and stasis dermatitis – cobblestoning and papillomatosis around ulcer Rook p.2258, 1998, Sixth Edition Vulvar papillomatosis (angiofibromas) (vestibular papillae) – papules Rook p.3216, 1998, Sixth Edition

Blue sclerae Thinning of sclerae

Collagen necrosis due to autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis) or osteogenesis imperfecta

Stretching of sclerae Glaucoma High myopia

Senile hyaline plaque – blue sclerae at 3 and 9 o’clock Minocycline Arthr Rheum 50:3698-3701, 2004 Ochronosis NEJM 347:2111-2121, 2003 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Brown pigmentation Band keratopathy Cicatricial pemphigoid with symblepharon Lupus erythematosus – nodular episcleritis Gaucher’s disease Jaundice Adrenochrome deposits – due to topical epinephrine – flecks of pigmentation in caruncle and plica Silver Mascara Ochronosis Quinine Iron Hemosiderin Wilson’s disease

Dendritic melanocytic lesions Benign epithelial melanosis (congenital melanosis; racial variant) Secondary acquired melanosis – associated with inflammatory conditions, scar tissue and conjunctival tumors Primary acquired melanosis – with or without atypia; may be pre-malignant

Fusiform melanocytic lesions Nevus of Ota (nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris) BJD 67:317-319, 1955 Pigmented episcleral spot (Axenfeld’s nerve loop)

LEOPARD syndrome JAAD 50:S70-74, 2004 Melanoma Nevomelanocytic proliferation

Blue nevi of sclerae or conjunctiva AD 139:1209-1214, 2003 Melanocytic nevi (conjunctival nevi) – brown periphery, blue center Spitz nevus

Pigmented spindle cell tumor of the limbus

CUTANEOUS HORNS Cutis 64:111-112, 1999 Actinic keratosis Cutis 64:111-112, 1999; JAAD 37:392-394, 1997 Adenoacanthoma Cutis 64:111-112, 1999 Angiokeratoma circumscriptum Angioma Acquired digital fibrokeratoma Arsenical keratosis Cutis 64:111-112, 1999 Basal cell carcinoma Cutis 64:111-112, 1999; pseudohorn Cutis 48:379, 1991 Benign lichenoid keratosis Bowen’s disease Cutis 64:111-112, 1999 Buschke-Fischer-Brauer keratoderma (punctate palmoplantar keratoderma) (keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa) (keratodermia palmoplantare papuloverrucoides progressiva) Clin Cases Dermatol 4:27, 1992 Congenital trichoid keratosis – cutaneous horns on scalp AD 128:1549-1550, 1992 Cutaneous horn, undefined Darier’s disease, cornifying AD 112:495-503, 1976 Dermatofibroma Dermatophytes – hyperkeratosis with cutaneous horns Ann DV 125:705-707, 1998 Ectopic nail JAAD 10:114-116, 1984; post-traumatic ectopic nail JAAD 50:323-324, 2004

Epidermal inclusion cyst Epidermal nevus Epidermolytic acanthoma Fibroma Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa (gingival) hyperkeratosis syndrome (MIM:148730) – palmoplantar keratoderma, leukoplakia and cutaneous horn of the lips BJD 146:680-683, 2002 Giant cutaneous horns Ann Plast Surg 43:674, 1999 Granular cell tumor Ghatan p.128, 2002, Second Edition Histoplasmosis – transepidermal elimination of histoplasmosis in AIDS Cutis 47:397-400, 1991 Hypertrophic lichen planus BJD 144:424-425, 2001 Inverted follicular keratosis Kaposi’s sarcoma Cutis 64:111-112, 1999; Cutis 31:610-612, 1983 Keratoacanthoma Cutis 64:111-112, 1999; AD 120:736-740, 1984 Keratotic and micaceous pseudoepitheliomatous balanitis Leishmaniasis AD 123:168-169, 1987 Lichen planus hypertrophicus BJD 144:424-425, 2001 Lupus erythematosus AD 121:837-838, 1985; discoid lupus erythematosus Melanocytic nevus – intradermal nevus BJD 124:449-452, 1991 Metastases – renal cell carcinoma Cutis 64:111-112, 1999; cutaneous horn of forehead J Derm Surg Oncol 8:815, 1983 Molluscum contagiosum JAAD 43:409-432, 2000 Nevus corniculatus – filiform keratoses, cutaneous horns and giant comedones BJD 122:107-112, 1990 Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn Organoid nevus Paget’s disease of the nipple J Surg Oncol 29:237-239, 1985 Palmoplantar keratoderma with cutaneous horns Int J Dermatol 31:369-370, 1992 Penile horn Urology 30:156-158, 1987; JAAD 13:369-373, 1985; J Urol 132:1192-1193, 1984 Pilar cyst Rook p.1668, 1998, Sixth Edition Pilomatrixoma Cutis 69:23-24, 2002 Pityriasis rubra pilaris – spiny hyperkeratoses Tyring p.352, 2002 Prurigo nodularis Acta DV (Stockh) 76:85-86, 1996 Psoriasis JAAD 5:681-683, 1981 Pyogenic granuloma Cutis 31:610-612, 1983 Sebaceous adenoma Cutis 64:111-112, 1999; J Cutan Pathol 22:185-187, 1995; J Cutan Pathol 11:396-414, 1984 Sebaceous carcinoma Br J Ophthalmol 82:1049-1055, 1998; Br J Plast Surg 48:93-96, 1995; JAAD 25:685-690, 1991; J Derm Surg Oncol 11:260-264, 1985; Cutis 31:610-612, 1983 Seborrheic keratosis Squamous cell carcinoma Cutis 64:111-112, 1999 Syringocystadenoma papilliferum BJD 142:1242-1244, 2000 Trichilemmal carcinoma BJD 143:646-647, 2000 Trichelemmal cyst with horn Trichilemmal horn JAAD 39:368-371, 1998; BJD 100:303-309, 1979 Trichilemmoma Trichofolliculoma Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.67, 1999 Verrucous acanthoma Verruca vulgaris Tyring p.260, 2002; Cutis 64:111-112, 1999

Complement deficiency Lancet ii:858, 1983 Cutis laxa with hypocomplementemia and nephrotic syndrome AD 123:1211-1216, 1987 Dermatitis herpetiformis Bolognia p.1477, 2003 Lupus erythematosus – systemic LE JAAD 8:869, 1983; lupus panniculitis (lupus profundus) – thighs, buttocks, arms, breasts, face Rook p.2451, 1998, Sixth Edition; Ann DV 117:841-844, 1990 Rheumatoid arthritis – acral cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002 Urticaria – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002

Congenital cutis laxa AD 92:373, 1965

Aging

Hypersensitivity reaction AD 123:1211-1216, 1987 Isoniazid (INH) – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002 Minocycline-induced generalized post-inflammatory elastolysis Am J Med 109:340-341, 2000 Penicillamine Cutis 76:49-53, 2005; BJD 142:560-561, 2000; Isr J Med Sci 30:667-669, 1994; Lancet ii:858, 1983 Penicillin allergy – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002; Am J Dermatopathol 5:267-276, 1993

Leeches applied to skin – anetoderma Int J Derm 35: 226-227, 1996 Saltpeter-induced atrophy

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans – Lyme borreliosis Onchocerciasis – ‘hanging groin’ due to destruction of elastic fibers Cutis 65:293-297, 2000 Syphilis – localized cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002

Amyloidosis – elastolytic lesions of myeloma-associated amyloidosis AD 126:657-660, 1990; Clin Exp Dermatol 11:87-91, 1986; ptosis and dermatochalasis in primary systemic amyloidosis Ophthalmic Surg 18:495-497, 1987; hemodialysis-associated beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis BJD 152:250-257, 2005

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis JAAD 17:1006-1012, 1987 Angioedema Bolognia p.1477, 2003

Chronic urticaria – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 33:896-899, 1995 Erythema multiforme – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002 Granulomatous slack skin BJD 142:353-357, 2000 Post-inflammatory cutis laxa Bolognia p.1477, 2003; JAAD 22:40-48, 1990 Sarcoid – localized cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002

Celiac disease – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002; BJD 135:130-134, 1996 Congenital hemolytic anemia Bolognia p.1477, 2003 Gangliosidosis – X-linked; gingival hypertrophy, macroglossia, coarse facies, micrognathia, loose skin, inguinal hernia, delayed growth, hepatosplenomegaly, neonatal hypotonia, delayed motor development Ped Derm 18:534-536, 2001 Lysyl oxidase deficiency Clin Genet 51:109-114, 1997 Marasmus – severe protein and caloric deprivation; wrinkled, loose, redundant dry skin; extensive loss of subcutaneous fat JAAD 21:1-30, 1989 Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) – skin thickened and loose Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly syndrome) – skin laxity Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum – localized cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002 Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, resolved Nephrotic syndrome – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002 Wasting syndrome – cutaneous laxity due to marked weight loss

Generalized smooth muscle hamartomas with skin folding Granulomatous slack skin syndrome – CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder BJD 147:998-1002, 2002 Lymphoma – cutaneous angiocentric T-cell lymphoma – acquired cutis laxa Int J Dermatol 36:772-776, 1997; lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma AD 131:110-111, 1995; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) – granulomatous slack skin JAAD 51:165-185, 2004; JAAD 46:325-357, 2002; BJD 142:353-357, 2000; Ped Derm 14:204-208, 1997; JID 89:183, 1987; AD 121:250-252, 1985 Myeloma – acquired cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002; acral acquired cutis laxa Cutis 69:114-118, 2002; JAAD 21:33-40, 1989; AD 112:853-855, 1976 Neurofibroma – localized cutis laxa JAAD 46:128-130, 2002

Acquired cutis laxa Bolognia p.1528, 2003

Severe actinic damage (dermatoheliosis)

Acanthosis nigricans, generalized – periflexural laxity Ped Derm 18:213-216, 2001 Acral localized acquired cutis laxa BJD 134:973-976, 1996; JAAD 21:33-40, 1989 Anetoderma AD 120:1032-1939, 1984

Blepharochalasis (Fuchs syndrome) Hautarzt 29:474-477, 1978 Cutis laxa Ped Derm 19:412-414, 2002; JAAD 29:846-848, 1993, Ped Derm 2:282-288, 1985

Inherited (dermatochalasis connata) Autosomal dominant Clin Genet 39:321-329, 1991 Autosomal recessive X-linked dominant (occipital horn syndrome (formerly Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IX)

Transient neonatal Acquired – associated with:

Type 1 – generalized acquired elastolysis Complement deficiency AD 123:1211-1216, 1987 Drug hypersensitivity Inflammatory skin disease Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome Malignancy Multiple myeloma Cutis 57:267-270, 1996; Am J Dermatopathol 18:533-537, 1996 Penicillamine dermatopathy AD 125:92-97, 1989 Sarcoid JAAD 29:846-848, 1993 Systemic lupus erythematosus Syphilis

Type 2 – Marshall’s syndrome – Sweet’s syndrome followed by cutis laxa AD 131:1175-1177, 1995

Acrolocalized acquired cutis laxa BJD 134:973-976, 1996; JAAD 21:33-40, 1989

Elastoderma – localized skin laxity of the neck, trunk or arm JAAD 53:S147-149, 2005; JAAD 33:389-392, 1995 Elastolysis of the earlobes JAAD 14:145-146, 1986 Elastosis perforans serpiginosa with pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like changes in Moya-Moya disease (bilateral stenosis and occlusion of basa intracranial vessels and carotid arteries) BJD 153:431-434, 2005 Lichen myxedematosus Cutis 39:219-223, 1987 Multiple benign ring-shaped skin creases Eur J Ped 138:301-3,1982 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum – linear and reticulated yellow papules and plaques JAAD 42:324-328, 2000; JAAD 43:337-339, 2000; Dermatology 199:3-7, 1999; AD 133:664-666, 1997; AD 124:1559, 1988; acquired pseudoxanthoma elasticum – farmers exposed to saltpeter (calcium-ammonium-nitrate salts); antecubital fossa JAAD 51:1-21, 2004; Acta DV 78:153-154, 1998; Acta DV 58:319-321, 1978; periumbilical perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum JAAD 51:1-21, 2004; JAAD 26:642-644, 1992; AD 115:300-303, 1979

Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome with cutis laxa Hum Genet 97:532-536, 1996 Acrogeria of the Gottron type Eur J Dermatol 10:36-40, 2000 Alagille syndrome – cutis laxa-like changes with resolution of xanthomas after liver transplantation Ped Derm 15:199-202, 1998 Ankyloblepharon-ectrodactyly-cleft lip/palate syndrome (AEC syndrome) – periorbital wrinkling Ascher syndrome Int J Derm 31:710-712, 1992 Barber-Say syndrome – autosomal dominant; wrinkled lax, atrophic skin, hypertrichosis of back and neck, eyebrows, eyelashes, lower lid ectropion, large mouth, and abnormal external ears, hypoplastic or absent nipples, growth retardation Am J Med Genet 86:54-56, 1999 Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome – redundant loose facial skin Cantu syndrome

Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome – cutaneous and joint laxity Ped Derm 11:281-282, 1994 Coffin-Lowry syndrome – X-linked inheritance; straight coarse hair, prominent forehead, prominent supraorbital ridges, hypertelorism, large nose with broad base, thick lips with mouth held open, large hands, tapering fingers, severe mental retardation; loose skin easily stretched, cutis marmorata, dependent acrocyanosis, varicose veins Clin Genet 34:230-245, 1988; Am J Dis Child 112:205-213, 1966 Costello syndrome – loose skin of neck, hands and feet; papillomas around nose and mouth J Med Genet 31:486-489, 1994 Cutis laxa – autosomal dominant; mild disease of late onset; mutation in elastin gene AD 140:1135-1139, 2004; Ped Derm 21:167-170, 2004; Clin Genet 39:321-329, 1991 Cutis laxa type I – autosomal recessive; diaphragmatic hernia, gastrointestinal and genitourinary diverticulae, pulmonary emphysema, cardiac abnormalities Ped Derm 21:167-170, 2004 Cutis laxa type II – autosomal recessive; pre and postnatal growth retardation, delayed motor development, delayed closure of large fontanelle, congenital hip dislocation, bone dysplasias, parallel strips of redundant skin of back Ped Derm 21:167-170, 2004 Cutis laxa type III – autosomal recessive; severe mental retardation, corneal clouding Ped Derm 21:167-170, 2004 Cutis laxa – X-linked recessive (occipital horn syndrome; formerly Ehlers-Danlos type IX) – lysyl oxidase deficiency, skeletal dysplasias, joint hypermobility, chronic diarrhea, obstructive uropathy Ped Derm 21:167-170, 2004 Cutis laxa, congenital with ligamentous laxity, delayed development, Dandy-Walker malformation, minor heart and osseous defects Clin Genet 45:318-322, 1994 Cutis laxa with bone dystrophy (osteoporosis) Am J Dis Child 137:452-454, 1983 Cutis laxa, craniofacial defects, and hypotonia J Clin Dysmorphol 1:24-25, 1983 Cutis laxa with early-onset emphysema Thorax 49:836-837, 1994 Cutis laxa, late closure of fontanels, intrauterine growth retardation, hyperlaxity of joints Pediatrics 72:850-856, 1983 DeBarsy syndrome – autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome; lax wrinkled skin; cloudy corneas, mental retardation, pseudoathetoid movements, synophrys, pinched nose, thin skin, lack of subcutaneous tissue, sparse hair Ped Derm 19:412-414, 2002; Eur J Pediatr 144:348-354, 1985 Duplication of the eyebrows, stretchable skin and syndactyly Dwarfism-alopecia-pseudoanodontia-cutis laxa Edward’s syndrome (trisomy 18) – cutis laxa of neck, hypertrichosis of the forehead and back, hemangiomas J Med Genet 15:48-60, 1978 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – scarring; cutis laxa complicating Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type II Clin Exp Derm 21 (2): 135-137, 1996; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IX – X-linked Elejalde syndrome (acrocephalopolydactylous dysplasia) Birth Defects 13:53-67, 1977 Gerodermia osteodysplastica (Bamatter syndrome) (osteodysplastic geroderma) – short stature, cutis laxa-like changes with drooping eyelids and jowls (characteristic facies), osteoporosis and skeletal abnormalities; lax skin and joints, growth retardation Am J Med Genet 3:389-395, 1979; Hum Genet 40:311-324, 1978 Hemolytic anemia with emphysema and cutis laxa Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) – cutis laxa, corneal lattice dystrophy, cranial and peripheral polyneuropathy BJD 152:250-257, 2005

Kabuki makeup syndrome – short stature, distinct face (long palpebral fissures, eversion of the lower eyelids, sparse arched lateral eyebrows, prominent malformed ears), cutis laxa, hyperextensible joints, syndactyly, fetal finger pads with abnormal dermatoglyphics, mental retardation JAAD S247-251, 2005; Am J Med Genet 94:170-173, 2000; Am J Med Genet 31:565-589, 1988; J Pediatr 105:849-850, 1984; J Pediatr 99:565-569, 1981 Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic syndrome – cutis laxa, skeletal anomalies and ambiguous genitalia Leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome) – cutis laxa-like wrinkling Am J Dis Child 122:442-445, 1971 Marfan’s syndrome – lax skin in the neonate Marshall’s syndrome – Sweet’s syndrome followed by cutis laxa AD 131:1175-1177, 1995; following Sweet’s syndrome (α1-antitrypsin deficiency) Ped Derm 14:370, 1994 Menkes’ kinky hair syndrome – loose skin Ped Derm 14:347-350, 1997; silvery hair, generalized hypopigmentation, lax skin of brows, neck and thighs Ped Derm 15:137-139, 1998 Michelin tire baby syndrome Neurofibromatosis Noonan’s syndrome – lax skin JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Curr Prob Derm VII:143-198, 1995; J Pediatr 66:48-63, 1965 Occipital horn syndrome Clin Dysmorphol 8:179-183, 1999 Patterson-David syndrome – pseudoleprechaunism Premature aging with short stature and pigmented nevi (Baraitser syndrome) Progeria AD 125:540-544, 1989 Prune belly syndrome (aplastic abdominal musculature syndrome) SCARF syndrome – ambiguous genitalia associated with skeletal abnormalities, cutis laxa, joint hyperextensibility, webbed neck, craniostenosis, psychomotor retardation, and facial abnormalities Am J Med Genet 34:305-312, 1989 Soto’s syndrome – joint hyperextensibility; cutis laxa; cerebral gigantism J Med Genet 36:51-56, 1999 Sweet’s syndrome – healed AD 119:998-1002, 1983 Thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome (TAR syndrome) – cutis laxa of the neck; congenital thrombocytopenia, bilateral absent or hypoplastic radii, port wine stain of head and neck AD 126:1520-1521, 1990; Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 10:51-64, 1988 Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type II (Langer-Giedion syndrome) – loose, redundant, wrinkled skin early; facies, bulbous nose, and sparse hair as in TRPS-I – microcephaly, exostoses Birth Defects X:147-164, 1974 Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) – neck Trisomy 18 – redundant skin, rocker-bottom feet, clenched fist Turner’s syndrome (XO in 80%) – peripheral edema at birth which resolves by age 2; redundant neck skin in newborn; cutis laxa of neck and buttocks; small stature, broad shield-shaped chest with widely spaced nipples, arms show wide carrying angle, webbed neck, low posterior hairline, low misshapen ears, high arched palate, short fourth and fifth metacarpals and metatarsals, hypoplastic nails, keloid formation, increased number of nevi; skeletal, cardiovascular, ocular abnormalities; increased pituitary gonadotropins with low estrogen levels JAAD 50:767-776, 2004; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999 Weaver syndrome – prenatal overgrowth syndrome Am J Dis Child 138:1113-1115, 1984 Werner’s syndrome Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (neonatal pseudohydrocephalic progeroid syndrome of

Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch) Clin Genet 51:200-204, 1997; Eur J Pediatr 136:245-248, 1981 Wrinkly skin syndrome – autosomal recessive Clin Genet 38:307-313, 1990; same as cutis laxa with growth and developmental delay Am J Med Genet 85:194, 1999

Edema – recovery from severe edema Varicose veins – acquired localized elastolysis Clin Exp Dermatol 20:492-495, 1995

Scleroderma – soft cystic nodules (focal mucinosis) over interphalangeal joints BJD 136:598-600, 1997

Branchial cleft cyst and/or sinus – cyst overlying anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.119, 2001; Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 25:449-452, 1996; Int J Dermatol 19:479-486, 1980; differential diagnosis includes malignant or tuberculous lymphadenopathy, parotid or thyroid tumor, thymopharyngeal cyst, thyroglossal cyst, dermoid cyst, teratoma, carotid body tumor, hemangioma, neurofibroma Bronchogenic cyst – keratotic papule, sinus tract or cyst in midline at the suprasternal notch, neck, shoulders, back or chest Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.120, 2001; Ped Derm 15:277-281, 1998; Int J Derm 37:137-140, 1998; JAAD 31:120-122, 1994; subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst J Pediatr Surg 23:993-995, 1988 Cervicothymic cyst – resembles branchial cleft cyst Congenital sinus or cyst of genitoperineal raphe (mucous cysts of the penile skin) Eichenfeld p.89, 2001; Cutis 34:495-496, 1984; AD 115:1084-1086, 1979 Cutaneous ciliated cyst Ghatan p.18, 2002, Second Edition Cyst of first branchial cleft (congenital postauricular swelling) Ped Derm 19:246-249, 2002 Dermoid cyst – midline of nose, lateral eyebrow, scrotum, sternum, perineal raphe and sacral areas Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.122, 2001; Curr Prob Derm 8:137-188, 1996; Neurosurg Clin North Am 6:359-366, 1995; AD 107:237-239, 1973 Diastrophic dysplasia – cystic masses of ears Ectopic respiratory epithelium BJD 136:933-934, 1997 Encephalocele Ped Neurosurg 27:214-217, 1997 Epstein’s pearls – keratinous cysts of palatal or alveolar mucosa in neonates Int Dent J 27:261-262, 1988 Foreskin cysts Eichenfeld, 2001, p.89 Heterotopic brain tissue – bald cyst of the scalp – hair collar sign AD 125:1253-1256, 1989 Heterotopic salivary gland tissue JAAD 31:120-122, 1994 Hypotrichosis, eyelid cysts and hypodontia Laryngocele/pharyngocele with external component Am Fam Physician 42:665-668, 1990

Median raphe cysts of the penis Ped Derm 15:191-193, 1998 Meningocoele, rudimentary – scalp cyst AD 137:45-50, 2001 Meningoencephalocele – midline of bridge of nose, differentiate from dermoid cyst Plast Reconstr Surg 57:692-699, 1976 Midline cervical cleft Int J Derm 19:489-486, 1980 Milia Eichenfeld p.89, 2001 Mucocele of lacrimal sac – blue cystic swelling below medial canthus Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.485, 2001 Mucous cyst of retrorectal space Omphalomesenteric duct cyst – umbilical or periumbilical Bolognia p.1721, 2003 Pearls (milia) of areolae, scrotum and labia majora of newborn Rook p.452, 1998, Sixth Edition Pre-auricular pits, sinuses and cysts

Treacher Collins syndrome Goldenhar syndrome Chromosome 4 deletion syndrome Am J Dis Child 122:421-425, 1971 Melnick-Fraser syndrome (brachio-oto-renal syndrome) Ped Derm 13:507-508, 1998 Cat eye syndrome Hum Genet 57:148-158, 1981

Presternal ciliated cyst (lower neck) AD 120:240-242, 1984 Sacral meningeal cyst Neurosurgery 29:223-231, 1991 Seroma (lymphocele) Rook p.2294, 1998, Sixth Edition Spinal dysraphism with overlying dermoid cyst, protrusion, dimple, sinus, lipoma, faun tail nevus, hemangioma, port wine stain AD 114:573-577, 1978; AD 112:1724-1728, 1976 Teratoma JAAD 31:120-122, 1994 Thyroglossal duct cyst and/or sinus – midline cervical cleft with sinus tract Am J Neuroradiol 20:579-582, 1999; JAAD 26:885-902, 1992; J Pediatr Surg 19:437-439, 1984 Urachal cyst (partial patency of the urachus) – tender midline swellings between the umbilicus and symphysis pubis Br J Urol 28:253-256, 1956 Urethral retention cyst – white papule at urethral opening of males Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.483, 2001

Digital mucous pseudocyst Arthr Rheum 20:997-1002, 1977; digital myxoid cyst J Derm Surg Oncol 13:723-727, 1987

Cyclosporine therapy – multiple epidermoid cysts Cutis 50:36-38, 1992; Dermatologica 172:24-30, 1986 Enfuvirtide – injection site reaction JAAD 49:826-831, 2003

Chloracne Foreign body, including blackthorn inflammation

AIDS – lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid gland Actinomycosis JAAD 29:308-311, 1993 Alternariosis – subcutaneous cyst Clin Inf Dis 32:1178-1187, 2001 Brucellosis – presenting as a Baker’s cyst Clin Inf Dis 22:872-873, 1996

Chromomycosis Pathology 11:389-392, 1979 Cysticercosis Dental sinus and cyst – dental sinus mimicking acne cyst Rook p.1953, 1998, Sixth Edition Dracunculosis Echinococcosis – dog tapeworm; hydatid cyst Rook p.1401, 1998, Sixth Edition Focal myositis Cutis 54:189-190, 1994 Leprosy – primary neuritic leprosy with nerve abscess AD 130:243-248, 1994 Lobomycosis Mycobacterium haemophilum Clin Inf Dis 33-330-337, 2001 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – scrofuloderma Myiasis, furuncular – Dermatobia hominis – scalp cyst in a child Ped Derm 15:116-118, 1998; mimicking ruptured epidermoid cyst Can J Surg 33:145-146, 1990; house fly BJD 76:218-222, 1964; New World screw worm (Cochliomyia), Old World screw worm (Chrysomya), Tumbu fly (Cordylobia) BJD 85:226-231, 1971; black blowflies (Phormia) J Med Entomol 23:578-579, 1986; greenbottle (Lucilia), bluebottle (Calliphora), flesh flies (Sarcophaga, Wohlfartia) Neurosurgery 18:361-362, 1986; rodent botflies (Cuterebra) JAAD 21:763-772, 1989; human botflies (Dermatobia hominis) AD 121:1195-1196, 1985; AD 126:199-202, 1990 Nocardiosis AD 130:243-248, 1994 Phaeohyphomycosis JAAD 40:364-366, 1999; JAAD 28:34-44, 1993; AD 127:721-726, 1991; JAAD 19:478-481, 1988; AD 123:1346-1350, 1987 Verruca vulgaris – plantar epidermoid cysts contain human papillomavirus (HPV 60) J Cutan Pathol 16:375-381, 1989

Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens) J Derm Surg Oncol 18:877-880, 1992 Hidradenitis suppurativa Myospherulosis JAAD 38:274-275, 1998; AD 127:88-90, 1991; JAAD 21:400-403, 1989 Pilonidal cyst and sinus Surg Clin North Am 74:1309-1315, 1994 Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn Cutis 70:169-173, 2002

Bartholin’s cyst Basal cell carcinoma – cystic basal cell carcinoma; basal cell carcinoma arising in the wall of an epidermal inclusion cyst Derm Surg 27:585-586, 2001 Basal cell nevus (linear basal cell nevus) – resemble comedones; usually linear translucent telangiectatic papules, may ulcerate; macular hypopigmentation, alopecia, cysts, striae Cutis 46:493-494, 1990; BJD 74:20-23, 1962 Bowen’s disease – arising in the wall of an epidermal inclusion cyst Derm Surg 27:585-586, 2001 Ciliated cyst – of the lower leg Pathol Int 49:354-357, 1999; legs of young women Bolognia p.1721, 2003; perianal Am J Dermatopathol 19:93-96, 1997; sole BJD 132:488-490, 1995 Ciliated cyst of vulva JAAD 32:514-515, 1995 Clear cell hidradenoma (eccrine acrospiroma) Cutis 58:349-351, 1996; AD 128:1533-1538, 1992 Clustered cysts

Milia en plaque JAAD 21:311-313, 1989 Pilotropic CTCL AD 132:683-687, 1996

CTCL JAAD 29:331-334, 1993 Eruptive epidermal cysts after CTCL therapy JAAD 25:940-943,1991 Familial subconjunctival cysts in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome AD 123:23-24, 1987

Epidermoid cyst Rook p.1667, 1998, Sixth Edition; plantar epidermoid cysts, HPV-60-related BJD 152:961-967, 2005 Eruptive vellus hair cysts AD 113:500-503, 1977; with pachyonychia congenita J Dermatol 26:402-404, 1999 Fibrous hamartoma of infancy Ped Derm 7:157, 1990 Follicular cysts – multiple pigmented follicular cysts BJD 134:758-762, 1996 Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma JAAD 34:77-81, 1996 Ganglion cyst J Hand Surg (Br) 15:342-346, 1990 Generalized follicular hamartoma – with trichilemmal cysts and palmar pits AD 107:435-438, 1973 Hidradenoma papilliferum JAAD 41:115-118, 1999 Hidrocystoma – apocrine or eccrine – clear or blue Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins pp.153-155, 1999; eyelid or facial cyst AD 137:657-662, 2001; AD 134:1627-1632, 1998; JAAD 26:780-782, 1992; AD 115:194-200, 1979 Hybrid cysts – with features of eruptive vellus hair cysts, steatocystoma, and epidermoid cyst Am J Dermatopathol 18:645-649, 1996 Lymphoma – subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis and membranocystic lesions Am J Dermatopathol 20:276-280, 1998; pilotropic (folliculotropic) CTCL – cystic lesions, follicular papules, acneform BJD 152:193-194, 2005; JAAD 48:448-452, 2003; Ann DV 126:243-246, 1999; AD 132:683-687, 1996; epidermoid cysts AD 138:191-198, 2002; eruptive epidermoid cysts Dermatology 187:273-277, 1993 Mammary-like glands of the vulva – cysts Int J Gynecol Pathol 14:184-188, 1995 Marginal cysts of eyelids – occluded glands of Moll; painless white or yellow cyst of lower eyelid close to lacrimal punctum Rook p.2987, 1998, Sixth Edition Metaplastic synovial cysts Bolognia p.1721, 2003; JAAD 41:330-332, 1999 Metastases – gastric carcinoma (epidermoid cyst-like); adenocarcinoma of the lung JAAD 36:644-646, 1997; bladder – cystic metastases J R Soc Med 80:314-315, 1987 Milia Mucocele AD 101:673-678, 1970 Muellerian cyst of vulva Ghatan p.65, 2002, Second Edition Myxoid cyst, digital J Derm Surg Oncol 13:723-727, 1987 Nevus comedonicus, inflammatory JAAD 38:834-836, 1998 Paget’s disease – arising in the wall of an epidermal inclusion cyst Derm Surg 27:585-586, 2001 Pilar cyst Rook p.1668, 1998, Sixth Edition Pilomatrixoma Pediatr Rev 11 (9):262-267, 1990; Cancer 45:2368-2373, 1980 Pilomatrix carcinoma (cyst-like) JAAD 23:104-108, 1990 Pilonidal cyst Bolognia p.1721, 2003 Post-auricular cysts AD 107:237-239, 1993

Branchial cleft cyst Dermoid cyst Epidermoid cyst Pilar cyst Pseudocyst of the auricle Steatocystoma multiplex

Proliferating epithelial cysts J Cutan Pathol 22:394-406, 1995 Proliferating pilar cyst Bolognia p.1721, 2003 Retention cyst from glands of Zeis Rook p.2987, 1998, Sixth Edition Retroauricular, follicular, and keratotic plaques with multiple follicular cysts Med Cutano Ibero Lat Am 13:331-334, 1985 Squamous cell carcinoma – arising in the wall of an epidermal inclusion cyst Am J Dermatopathol 21:174-177, 1999; Derm Surg 27:585-586, 2001 Steatocystoma Syringocystadenoma papilliferum Rook p.1704, 1998, Sixth Edition Syringomas, including eruptive syringomas AD 121:756, 1985; vulvar – discrete white cystic papules JAAD 48:735-739, 2003 Trichoepithelioma, cystic Verruciform xanthoma, cystic JAAD 25:330-331, 1991 Verrucous cyst J Cutan Pathol 20:411-417, 1993; AD 127:1810-1812, 1991

Favre-Racouchot syndrome Ann DV 121:721-723, 1994

Acne rosacea Acne vulgaris Rook p.1949-1951, 1998, Sixth Edition Atopic dermatitis – pretibial bursitis JAAD 30:737-742, 1994 Endosalpingosis – ectopic Fallopian tube epithelium; umbilical cystic nodule BJD 151:924-925, 2004 Pyoderma faciale AD 128:1611-1617, 1992 Psoriasis – bursal sac of elbow

Atrichia with keratin cysts – face, neck, scalp; then trunk and extremities Ann DV 121:802-804, 1994 Atrichia with papular lesions – autosomal recessive; follicular cysts AD 139:1591-1596, 2003; JAAD 47:519-523, 2002 Branchio-oto-renal syndrome – pre-auricular sinus or cyst Clin Genet 9:23-34, 1976 Carney complex – multiple myxomatous cysts Cowden’s syndrome – epidermoid cysts Rook p.2711, 1998, Sixth Edition Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – firm cyst-like nodules (spheroids) of shins and forearms JAAD 46:161-183, 2002 Eyelid cysts, hypodontia and hypotrichosis JAAD 10:922-925, 1984 Gardner’s syndrome – epidermoid cysts – of face, scalp, extremities, and trunk Curr Prob Derm 14:41-70, 2002; Dermatol Clin 13:113-125, 1995; familial pilomatrixomas Ped Derm 12:331-335, 1995 Hereditary perioral pigmented follicular atrophoderma with milia-like epidermoid cysts BJD 139:713-718, 1998 LEOPARD (Moynahan’s) syndrome – CALMs, granular cell myoblastomas, steatocystoma multiplex, small penis, hyperelastic skin, low-set ears, short webbed neck, short stature, syndactyly JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; J Dermatol 25:341-343, 1998; Am J Med 60:447-456, 1976; AD 107:259-261, 1973 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis – cystic swellings around tendon sheaths Rook p.2325-2326, 1998, Sixth Edition

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) – epidermoid cysts in 50% JAAD 42:939-969, 2000; Ped Derm 17:484-486, 2000; epidermoid cyst of finger BJD 145:508-509, 2001; cutaneous keratocysts of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (blue cysts) JAAD 14:572-576, 1986; acral cutaneous keratocysts BJD 135:810-812, 1996; with palmar epidermoid cyst, milia, and maxillary cysts BJD 145:508-509, 2001 Ocular ectodermal syndrome – epibulbar dermoid and cutaneous myxovascular hamartoma Br J Ophtalmol 84:669-670, 2000 Pachyonychia congenita – epidermal inclusion cysts; Jackson-Lawler pachyonychia congenita type 2 (MIM 167210) – white milia-like cysts at birth JAAD 38:1007-1009, 1998; associated with steatocystoma multiplex BJD 114:367-370, 1986; large facial cysts BJD 148:452-455, 2003 Rombo syndrome – papules and cysts of the face and trunk, basal cell carcinomas, vermiculate atrophoderma, milia, hypotrichosis, trichoepitheliomas, peripheral vasodilatation with cyanosis JAAD 39:853-857, 1998 Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome – pilomatrixomas JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; JAAD 46:159, 2002 Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome – eyelid cysts (hidrocystomas), palmoplantar keratoderma, hypotrichosis, decreased number of teeth, brittle and furrowed nails AD 140:231-236, 2004; BJD 127:33-35, 1992; JAAD 10:922-925, 1984; Birth Defects XII:219-221, 1971 Steatocystoma multiplex JAAD 43:396-399, 2000; AD Syphilol 36:31-36, 1937

Chloracne – dioxin; chloracne with cysts BJD 143:1067-1071, 2000; pale yellow keratin cysts and large prominent comedones on malar cheeks, post-auricular areas, ears, neck and scrotum JAAD 13:539-558, 1985

Amputation stump frictional epidermoid cysts Rook p.905, 1998, Sixth Edition; Acta DV 43:56-67, 1963 Pseudocyst of the auricle BJD 122:699-704, 1990; AD 125:528-530, 1989

Cystic angiomatosis Can J Surg 30:277-279, 1987 Lymphangioma circumscriptum, diffuse Rook p.2292, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 83:519-527, 1970 Lymphangiomatous malformation Lymphatic malformation Rook p.2294, 1998, Sixth Edition

Agammaglobulinemia Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998; J Allergy 33:406-411, 1962; X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia (agammaglobulinemia) J Allergy 33:406-411, 1962 Allergic contact dermatitis – numerous allergens Rook pp.733-819, 1998, Sixth Edition; plants Rook p.788, 1998,

Sixth Edition; woods Rook p.794, 1998, Sixth Edition; implanted alloys Rook p.771, 1998, Sixth Edition; ingested antibiotics after topical sensitization (systemic eczematous contact dermatitis) Contact Dermatitis 1:187, 1975; Acta DV 49:422-426, 1969; lichens (woodcutters dermatitis) Rook p.794-795, 1998, Sixth Edition; p-phenylenediamine in color developers – lichenoid or eczematous dermatitis BJD 115:23-31, 1986; Contact Dermatitis 10:280-285, 1984; complicating venous stasis Rook p.2261, 1998, Sixth Edition; nail polish – generalized dermatitis Contact Dermatitis 34:140-141, 1996; acrylic nails – dorsal fingers Rook p.2867, 1998, Sixth Edition; fingertip dermatitis – garlic, tulips, Alstroemeria; airborne contact dermatitis to sesquiterpene lactones Bolognia p.260, 2004; nickel allergic contact dermatitis to school chairs with dermatitis of the upper posterior thighs in girls Cutis 74:27-28, 2004; hand and/or foot dermatitis due to nickel in dental appliances Contact Dermatitis 27:259-260, 1992 Anti-synthetase syndrome – mechanics’ hands, Raynaud’s phenomenon, interstitial lung disease, anti-Jo-1 antibody AD 141:779-784, 2005 Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis JAAD 32:25-31, 1995 Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis Acta DV 69:308-310, 1989 Bare lymphocyte syndrome Rook p.2745, 1998, Sixth Edition Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia – atopic-like dermatitis; dermatomyositis-like syndrome Rook p.2749, 1998, Sixth Edition Bullous pemphigoid – eczematous lesions JAAD 29:293-299, 1993; subacute prurigo variant JAAD 47:133-136, 2002 C3 deficiency – recurrent infections, vasculitis, LE; C3 inactivator deficiency – dermatitis early in infancy Rook p.2744, 1998, Sixth Edition Cell-associated glycoprotein deficiency Chronic granulomatous disease – seborrheic dermatitis-like changes, X-linked or autosomal recessive, Xp21 (distal end of Xp), localized pyodermas, abscesses, granulomas, perioral and intraoral ulcers, lungs/liver/spleen, defect in NADPH oxidase system; including NADPH, phagocyte cytochrome b, and cytosolic proteins; membrane-associate NADPH oxidase system fails to produce superoxide and other toxic oxygen metabolites; Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Serratia, Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Nocardia Cicatricial pemphigoid Dermatitis herpetiformis Caputo p.24, 2000; dermatitis with or without lichenification Rook p.1890, Sixth Edition Dermatomyositis Bolognia p.210, 2004 DiGeorge’s syndrome (congenital thymic aplasia) – autosomal dominant or sporadic; seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis; developmental defects of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches, congenital thymic aplasia, neonatal tetany due to absence of parathyroids, cardiac anomalies (truncus arteriosus), short philtrum, low-set malformed ears, hypertelorism, increased susceptibility to Candida, viral and Pneumocystis carinii infections, loss of portion of proximal long arm of chromosome 22, may be the same as velocardiofacial syndrome Rook p.498, 1998, Sixth Edition Fogo selvagem Graft vs. host disease, chronic – lichenoid dermatitis AD 119:683-689, 1983 Immunodeficiency diseases (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, immunoglobulin deficiency diseases, severe combined immunodeficiency) – alopecia and dermatitis Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999 X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM – atopic dermatitislike rash Rook p.2749, 1998, Sixth Edition Immunologic amnesia syndrome NEJM 281:285-290, 1969

IPEX syndrome – X-linked; immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy; mutation of FOXP3; nummular dermatitis, urticaria, scaly psoriasiform plaques of trunk and extremities, penile rash, alopecia universalis, bullae BJD 152:409-417, 2005; AD 140:466-472, 2004 Jung’s syndrome (antihistamine-responsive immunodeficiency) – atopic dermatitis, pyoderma, folliculitis, blepharitis with defective leukocyte and lymphocyte function Am J Med Genet 66:378-398, 1996; Rook p.700, 1998, Sixth Edition; Lancet ii:185-187, 1983 Leiner’s disease Linear IgA dermatosis Caputo p.26, 2000 Lupus erythematosus – with or without vasculitis Bolognia p.210, 2004 Pemphigus foliaceus – starts in seborrheic distribution (scalp, face, chest, upper back) Rook p.1860-1861, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 83:52-70, 1961 Pemphigus vulgaris Selective IgA deficiency Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998 Selective IgM deficiency Rook p.497,2743, 1998, Sixth Edition Severe combined immunodeficiency Ped Derm 9:49, 1992; Ped Derm 8:314-320, 1991 Tuftsin deficiency J Pediatr 87:1121, 1975 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome – dermatitis of scalp, face, flexures, napkin area with purpura Rook p.495, 1998, Sixth Edition

Irritant contact dermatitis of newborn – alcohol burn, perianal Am J Dis Child 82:429-432, 1951; napkin dermatitis Rook p.468, 1998, Sixth Edition

Acral dysesthesia syndrome – hand dermatitis Allopurinol Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Aminophylline Ghatan p.229, 2002, Second Edition Ampicillin – baboon syndrome – diffuse erythema of buttocks, inner thighs, axillae Contact Dermatitis 10:97-100, 1984 Beta blockers Rook p.662, 1998, Sixth Edition Bismuth JAAD 37:489-490, 1997 Bleomycin Rook p.662, 1998, Sixth Edition; Hautarzt 31:616-618, 1980 Butylated hydroxyanisole Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Chloramphenicol Rook p.662,3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Cimetidine – seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption Clin Dermatol 11:243-251, 1993 Clonidine Rook p.662,3387 1998, Sixth Edition Demeclocycline – photo-induced lichen planus AD 109:97-98, 1974 Dimethylsulfoxide Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Disulfiram Ghatan p.229, 2002, Second Edition Fixed drug eruption Gold AD 109:372-376, 1974 Heparin JAAD 21:1130, 1989; baboon syndrome – diffuse erythema of buttocks, inner thighs, axillae mimicking contact dermatitis Contact Dermatitis 10:97-100, 1984 Hydantoin Hydromorphone, subcutaneous Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Hydroxyquinone Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition

Hydroxyurea – lichenoid dermatitis JAAD 36:178-182, 1997; dermatomyosititis-like scaling eruption of face, hands and feet AD 135:818-820, 1999; hydroxyurea-associated squamous dysplasia – photodistributed red scaly patches JAAD 51:293-300, 2004 Hypoglycemic agents Ghatan p.229, 2002, Second Edition Indomethacin Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Infliximab – nummular dermatitic drug eruption BJD 151:1272-1273, 2004 Interferon-α Semin Oncol 14:1-12, 1987; interferon-α and ribavirin – nummular dermatitis AD 140:215-217, 2004; peginterferon-α 2b and ribavirin associated with generalized nummular dermatitis AD 141:102-103, 2005 Lichenoid drug eruption – dermatitic appearance JAAD 45:616-619, 2001; Rook p.1916-1918, 1998, Sixth Edition – amiphenazole, captopril, gold AD 109:372-376, 1974; isoniazid, levamisole J R Soc Med 73:208-211, 1980; levopromazine, methyldopa, metropromazine, propranalol, exprenolol, labetalol (beta-blockers), chlorpropamide, enalopril, pyrimethamine Clin Exp Dermatol 5:253-256, 1980; antimalarials, penicillamine, thiazide diuretics, streptomycin, hydroxyurea, tiopronin, naproxen, carbamazepine, ethambutol, simvastatin, PAS, pravastatin JAAD 29:249-255, 1993; Cutis 61:98-100, 1998 includes photo-LP (demeclocycline AD 109:97-98, 1974) oral LP, and contact LP; quinacrine – lichenoid dermatitis JAAD 4:239-248, 1981; quinine – lichenoid photodermatitis Clin Exp Dermatol 19:246-248, 1994 Lovastatin – nummular dermatitis Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Lupron – eczematous dermatitis Mercurials Ghatan p.229, 2002, Second Edition Methyldopa – seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption Clin Dermatol 11:243-251, 1993 Mevastatin – nummular dermatitis Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Mitomycin (intravesical administration) – exfoliative dermatitis of palms and soles Contact Dermatitis 42:74-76, 2000; dermatitis of face, palms, soles Contact Dermatitis 24:201-209, 1991; BJD 122:217-224, 1990 Nystatin Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Pellagrous dermatitis – phenytoin, INH, 5-fluorouracil, chloramphenicol, pyrazinamide, azathioprine, ethionamide, phenobarbital, 6-mercaptopurine Semin Dermatol 10:282-292, 1991 Penicillamine – seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption Clin Dermatol 11:243-251, 1993 Penicillin Rook p.662, 1998, Sixth Edition; Contact Dermatitis 4:309, 1978 Phenothiazines Ghatan p.229, 2002, Second Edition Pravastatin – nummular dermatitis Contact Derm 30 (4):238, 1994; Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Pyrazolone Rook p.662, 1998, Sixth Edition Quinacrine – lichenoid dermatitis JAAD 4:239-248, 1981 Quinine – lichenoid photodermatitis Clin Exp Dermatol 19:246-248, 1994 Phenothiazines Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Ranitidine Reactivation of allergic contact dermatitis with systemic agents Rook p.3386, 1998, Sixth Edition

Acetohexamide – benzocaine/glyceryl p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreens Acetylsalicylic acid Semin Dermatol 8:144-148, 1989 Aminophylline suppositories – aminophylline and ethylenediamine

Amlexanox Contact Dermatitis 27:279-280, 1992 Chloral hydrate – chlorobutanol Chlorthiazide – benzocaine/ glyceryl p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreens Chlorpropamide – benzocaine/ glyceryl p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreens Codeine Contact Dermatitis 32:120, 1995 Disulfiram (Antabuse) – thiuram; baboon syndrome – diffuse erythema of buttocks, inner thighs, axillae Contact Dermatitis 10:97-100, 1984 Enoxalone Contact Dermatitis 30:124, 1994 Ephedrine Contact Dermatitis 29:215-216, 1993 Erythromycin Contact Dermatitis 30:311, 1994 Ethylenediamine – aminophylline and ethylenediamine Iodochlorhydroxyquinolone – halogenated hydroxyquinolone cream Iodides, iodinated organic compounds, radiographic contrast media – iodine Isoniazid Contact Dermatitis 28:110-111, 1993 Nitroglycerin tablets – nitroglycerin ointment p-amino salicylic acid – benzocaine/glyceryl p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreens Paraben-containing systemic medications AD 110:640, 1974 Phenobarbital Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Piperazine – aminophylline and ethylenediamine Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and norephedrine hydrochloride Contact Dermatitis 24:86-88, 1991 Organic and inorganic mercury compounds – ammoniated mercury Tincture of benzoin inhalation – Balsam of Peru Procaine – benzocaine/glyceryl p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreens Streptomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, gentamicin – neomycin sulfate Tolbutamide – benzocaine/glyceryl p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreens Vitamin B1 Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Vitamin C Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition

Retinoid dermatitis Rook p.1969, 1998, Sixth Edition Simvastatin – nummular dermatitis Cutis 62:197-198, 1998 Sulfonamides Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Vitamin K injection

Coffee – hand dermatitis of coffee drinkers Cutis 40:421-422, 1987 Contact

Irritant contact dermatitis The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.79, 2000 Photocontact Seaweed dermatitis Windborne pollen dermatitis

Hydroxytoluene Rook p.3387, 1998, Sixth Edition Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis JAAD 38:877-905, 1998 Marlex graft, with secondary infection Mercury – baboon syndrome – diffuse erythema of buttocks, inner thighs, axillae Contact Dermatitis 10:97-100, 1984 Nickel – baboon syndrome – diffuse erythema of buttocks, inner thighs, axillae Contact Dermatitis 10:97-100, 1984 Plant irritant contact dermatitis – buttercup, spurge, manzanillo tree, milfoil, mayweed Rook p.791, 1998, Sixth Edition; barley – interdigital dermatitis Rook p.792, 1998, Sixth Edition Sponge dermatitis Tea tree oil Contact Dermatitis 27:279-280, 1992

Alternariosis – dermatitic rash BJD 145:484-486, 2001; BJD 143:910-912, 2000 Ancylostomiasis – papular or papulovesicular rash; feet; generalized urticaria; late changes resemble kwashiorkor Dermatol Clin 7:275-290, 1989 AIDS – pruritic papular eruption of AIDS; firm discrete red, hyperpigmented urticarial papules JAMA 292:2614-2621, 2004; atopic dermatitis-like eruption Rook p.2749, 1998, Sixth Edition Brucellosis – contact brucellosis with brucella dermatitis Cutis 63:25-27, 1999; AD 117:40-42, 1981 Candidiasis, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; neonatal mucocutaneous candidiasis Bolognia p.210, 2004; invasive systemic candidiasis in premature neonate (C. albicans) – crusted and erosive dermatitis, red plaques Ped Derm 21:260-261, 2004 Clam digger’s itch (ghost anemone dermatitis) (Haloclava producta) – vesiculopapular eruption of hands, wrists, knees, inner thighs, ankles JAAD 47:722-726, 2002 Cryptococcosis AD 132:545-548, 1996 Cutaneous larva migrans – Ancylostoma brasiliensis, A. caninum, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Gnathostoma spinigerum, Dirofilaria species, Strongyloides procyonis, S. stercoralis Ped Derm 15:367-369, 1998; South Med J 89:609-611, 1996 Demodicidosis – papular eruption in HIV patients of head and neck, trunk and arms JAAD 20:306-307, 1989; JAAD 20:197-201, 1989 Dermatophilus congolensis – due to contact with infected animals; exudative scaly dermatitis BJD 145:170-171, 2001 Dermatophytid Acta DV 74:403-404, 1994; Semin Dermatol 2:60, 1983 Erythrasma – disciform erythrasma; intertriginous and perigenital; Corynebacterium minutissimum; red to brown irregularly shaped and sharply marginated scaly and slightly creased patches of groin, axillae, intergluteal, submammary flexures, toe clefts are most frequent location; coral-red fluorescence with Wood’s light examination due to coproporphyrin; acanthosis nigricans and normal follicular openings of face and trunk may show coral pink fluorescence Rev Infect Dis 4:1220-1235, 1982 Histoplasmosis JAAD 25:418, 1991; Cutis 43:535-538, 1989 HIV – dermatitis of HIV disease including HIV disease in children JAAD 20:1130, 1989; nummular dermatitis of AIDS Rook p.1065, 1998, Sixth Edition; HIV-1 dermatitis – lichenoid photodermatitis JAAD 28:167-173, 1993 HTLV-1 infection – infective dermatitis of scalp, upper lip, eyelid margins, perinasal skin, retro-auricular areas, axillae, groin BJD 150:958-965, 2004; Tyring p.19, 2002; generalized papular dermatitis BJD 150:958-965, 2004; JAAD 49:979-1000, 2003; AD 134:439-444, 1998; Lancet 336:1345-1347, 1990; BJD 79:229-236, 1967; BJD 78:93-100, 1966 Impetigo Bolognia p.210, 2004 Infectious eczematoid dermatitis Rook p.635, 1998, Sixth Edition Insect bites Rook p.1425-1426, 1998, Sixth Edition Leishmaniasis JAAD 51:S125-128, 2004; Clinics in Derm 14:425-431, 1996 Leprosy – non-pruritic dermatitis as presenting manifestation Indian J Lepr 62:202-207, 1990 Majocchi’s granuloma Molluscum contagiosum – dermatitis surrounding the mollusca (molluscum dermatitis) Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology,

p.219, 2001; Rook p.636,1006 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 74:344-348, 1956 Necator americanus – ground itch Onchocerciasis – Onchecerca volvulus; transmitted by Simuliidae (humpbacked black fly) localized acute dermatitis or chronic generalized dermatitis; papules, crusted papules, lichenified plaques; often with hyperpigmented nodules AD 140:1161-1166, 2004; JAAD 45:435-437, 2001; Cutis 65:293-297, 2000; BJD 121:187-198, 1989 Phaeohyphomycosis AD 137:815-820, 2001 Protothecosis Scabies – widespread dermatitis; localized nummular plaques Rook p.1069,1460-1461, 1998, Sixth Edition; crusted (Norwegian scabies) – may mimic hyperkeratotic dermatitis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis Dermatology 197:306-308, 1998; AD 124:121-126, 1988 Scarlet fever – desquamation Sponge dermatitis Rook p.1478, 1998, Sixth Edition Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Ghatan p.112, 2002, Second Edition Streptocerciasis – Mansonella streptocerca – similar rash to onchocerciasis; acute or lichenified papules with widespread lichenification and hypopigmented macules Rook p.1384, 1998, Sixth Edition Syphilis – congenital, secondary Bolognia p.210, 2004 Tinea corporis – Trichophyton rubrum, T. megninii, E.floccosum Rook p.1302, 1998, Sixth Edition; dermatitic dermatophytosis Ghatan, p.39, 2002, Second Edition; Trichophyton verrucosum – extensive annular lesions of trunk and neck AD 94:35-37, 1966; tinea corporis, pedis – bullous or scaly Rook p.1300-1301, 1998, Sixth Edition; capitis, corporis (also with overlying lichen simplex chronicus), manuum, pedis, cruris Tinea imbricata – Trichophyton concentricum – extensive involvement with pruritus and lichenification Clin Exp Dermatol 13:232-233, 1988; Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 78:246-251, 1984 Tinea versicolor

Langerhans cell histiocytosis – cutaneous findings include crops of red-brown or red-yellow papules, vesicopustules, erosions, scaling and seborrheic dermatitis-like papules, petechiae, purpura, solitary nodules, bronze pigmentation, lipid infiltration of the eyes, white plaques of the oral mucosa, onycholysis, and onychodystrophy Curr Prob Derm VI Jan/Feb 1994; Clin Exp Derm 11:183-187, 1986; JAAD 13:481-496, 1985; purpuric papules in the neonate; masquerading as lichen aureus Ped Derm 8:213-216, 1991; Letterer-Siwe disease JAAD 18:646-654, 1988; purpuric vesicles JAAD 37:314-317, 1997

Hidradenitis suppurativa Sarcoid – dermatitis-like lesions in children Clin Exp Dermatol 15:60-62, 1990; JAAD 5:566-570, 1981

Acrodermatitis enteropathica – hands, feet, anogenital region, periorificial, palmar flexures Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998; chronic zinc deficiency – thickened brown dermatitis over elbows, knees, knuckles, malleoli; lichenification with scaling

Rook p.2670, 1998, Sixth Edition; scrotal dermatitis Rook p.3199, 1998, Sixth Edition Ahistidinemia Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998 Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood – unilateral laterothoracic exanthem; dermatitic Ped Derm 19:461-462, 2002; Ped Derm 12:112-115, 1995 Biotinidase deficiency – combination of eczematous dermatitis and neurologic symptoms Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.254, 2001 Carcinoid syndrome – pellagrous dermatitis (skin fragility, erythema, and hyperpigmentation over knuckles), flushing, patchy cyanosis, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, salivation, lacrimation, abdominal cramping, wheezing, diarrhea BJD 152:71-75, 2005; AD 77:86-90, 1958; Am Heart J 47:795-817, 1954 Celiac disease – atopic dermatitis-like eruption Rook p.700, 1998, Sixth Edition; Lancet i:115-117, 1976 Cystic fibrosis, heterozygote Lancet i:990-991, 1976 Glucagonoma syndrome (necrolytic migratory erythema) – scaling papules and plaques Skin and Allergy News Vol 32, July 2001, pp.1,59; The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.76, 2000; necrolytic migratory erythema also seen in glutensensitive enteropathy, celiac disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, pancreatitis, hepatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease Hartnup’s disease Cutis 68:31-34, 2001; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; presenting in adulthood Clin Exp Dermatol 19:407-408, 1994 Hereditary spherocytosis – dermatitis of the legs Ped Derm 20:427-428, 2003 Homocystinuria Kwashiorkor – ‘enamel paint’ change; may resemble atopic dermatitis on the face; red brown scaly plaques JAAD 52:S69-72, 2005; JAAD 21:1-30, 1989; in elderly, cracked skin on lower abdomen and pretibial areas (geriatric nutritional eczema) Rook p.2662, 1998, Sixth Edition Leiner’s disease Ghatan p.107, 2002, Second Edition; Pediatrics 49:225-232, 1972 Liver disease, chronic (cirrhosis) – zinc deficiency; generalized dermatitis of erythema craquele (crackled and reticulated dermatitis) with perianal and perigenital erosions and crusts; cheilitis, hair loss Rook p.2726, 1998, Sixth Edition; Ann DV 114:39-53, 1987 Malabsorption Br Med J ii:937-943, 1962; Q J Med 22:59-79, 1953; scrotal dermatitis Rook p.3199, 1998, Sixth Edition Multiple carboxylase deficiency Nephrotic syndrome – atopic dermatitis-like eruption Lancet i:388-390, 1977 Pellagra – associated with celiac disease Yale J Biol Med 72:1518, 1999; scrotal dermatitis Rook p.3199, 1998, Sixth Edition Phenylketonuria – resembles atopic dermatitis JAAD 49:S190-192, 2003; Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.255, 2001; Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998 Porphyria – erythropoietic protoporphyria – may be confused with atopic dermatitis Eur J Pediatr 159:719-725, 2000; J Inherit Metab Dis 20:258-269, 1997; BJD 131:751-766, 1994; Curr Probl Dermatol 20:123-134, 1991; Am J Med 60:8-22, 1976 Prolidase deficiency – leg ulcers, dermatitis, xerosis BJD 144:635-636, 2001; JAAD 29:819, 1993 Prurigo of pregnancy – red papules Semin Derm 8:23-25, 1989

Pseudoglucagonoma syndrome due to malnutrition AD 141:914-916, 2005 Riboflavin deficiency – scrotal dermatitis Rook p.3199, 1998, Sixth Edition Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency Rook p.2658, 1998, Sixth Edition

Basal cell carcinoma Bowen’s disease Rook p.1674-1675, 1998, Sixth Edition Cervicothoracic syrinx and thoracic spinal cord tumor – dermatomal lichen simplex chronicus Neurosurgery 30 (3):418-421, 1992 Dermatofibroma – halo dermatitis Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis Epidermal nevus (dermatitic epidermal nevus) Leukemia – HTLV-1 leukemia/lymphoma (acute T-cell leukemia) Leukemia cutis – mimicking stasis dermatitis Cutis 35:47-48, 1985 Lymphoma – cutaneous B-cell lymphoma AD 123:136-137, 1987; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Rook p.2376, 1998, Sixth Edition; small to medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma JAAD 46:531-535, 2002; Woringer-Kolopp disease; syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia (CTCL) – nummular dermatitis-like lesions BJD 110:95-101, 1984 Malignant histiocytosis mimicking kwashiorkor Ped Derm 19:5-11, 2002 Meyerson’s nevus – dermatitic halos surrounding melanocytic nevi, atypical nevi, seborrheic keratoses, stucco keratoses, keloids, benign lentigo, insect bite, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibroma, pityriasis rosea AD 139:1209-1214, 2003; Int J Dermatol 24:226-229, 1985; AD 103:510-512, 1971; due to interferon-α and ribavirin BJD 152:193-194, 2005; JAAD 40:105-106, 1999; atypical nevus JAAD 34:357-361, 1996 Parapsoriasis en plaque

Adult-onset recalcitrant eczema – marker of non-cutaneous lymphoma or leukemia JAAD 43:207-210, 2000 Bazex syndrome – dermatitis of hands, feet, nose, ears JAAD 40:822-825, 1999 Generalized erythema craquele as a paraneoplastic phenomenon; lymphoma BJD 97:323-326, 1977; angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy AD 115:370, 1979; gastric carcinoma BJD 109:277-278, 1983; breast cancer BJD 110:246, 1984

Actinic prurigo (polymorphic light eruption of Native Americans) – dermatitis with lichenification JAAD 44:952-956, 2001; Australas J Dermatol 42:192-195, 2001; Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 15:183-187, 1999; Int J Dermatol 34:380-384, 1995; JAAD 26:683-692, 1992; JAAD 5:183-190, 1981; Clin Exp Dermatol 2:365-372, 1977; familial, in North American Native Americans Int J Dermatol 10:107-114, 1971; occurrence in non-Indians JAAD 34:612-617, 1996; in Caucasians BJD 144:194-196, 2001; Southeast Asians Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 9:225-228, 1992 Actinic reticuloid Sem Derm 161, Sept 1982; JAAD 38:877-905, 1998; AD 115:1078-1083, 1979

Chronic actinic dermatitis – acute, subacute, or chronic dermatitis with lichenification, papules, plaques, erythroderma, stubby scalp and eyebrow hair BJD 152:784-786, 2005; AD 136:1215-1220, 2000; AD 130:1284-1289, 1994; JAAD 28:240-249, 1993; AD 126:317-323, 1990; sensitization by sesquiterpene lactone mix BJD 132:543-547, 1995; associated with musk ambrette Cutis 54:167-170, 1994; JAAD 3:384-393, 1980 Photoallergic contact dermatitis Bolognia p.210, 2004 Photosensitive eczema Polymorphic light eruption – papulovesicular

Alopecia mucinosa Clin Exp Derm 14:382-384, 1989 Asteatotic dermatitis, including erythema craquele Rook p.644-645, 1998, Sixth Edition Atopic dermatitis Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.242, 2001 Blaschkitis Brachioradial pruritus – lichen simplex chronicus of the arm JAAD 29:783-784, 1983 Darier’s disease – mimicking dermatitis J Laryngol Otol 106:725-726, 1992 Diaper dermatitis – with rapid dissemination – expanding nummular dermatitis of trunk, and red scaly plaques of neck and axillae (‘psoriasiform id’) BJD 78:289-296, 1966 Digitate dermatosis (small plaque parapsoriasis) (persistent superficial dermatitis) Rook p.663-664, 1998, Sixth Edition Dyshidrotic eczema The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.xv, 2000 Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of AIDS Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa – mild acral blistering at birth or early childhood; violaceous papular and nodular lesions (prurigo nodularis-like) in linear array on shins, forearms, trunk; dermatitis with lichenified hypertrophic and verrucous plaques in adults, albopapuloid lesions of the trunk, milia BJD 152:1332-1334, 2005; AD 140:794-796, 2004; BJD 130:617-625, 1994 Erythema craquele Erythrokeratoderma variabilis Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998 Exfoliation of the newborn Exfoliative dermatitis Exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatosis of Sulzberger and Garbe (oid-oid disease) BJD 100:13-20, 1979; AD 36:247-272, 1937 Frictional dermatitis of children – pinhead-sized white papules or warty lesions of backs of hands, elbows, and knees Rook p.895-896, 1998, Sixth Edition Granular parakeratosis Ped Derm 20:215-220, 2003 Grover’s disease (transient acantholytic dermatosis) AD 101:426-434, 1970 Hailey-Hailey disease Australas J Dermatol 37:196-198, 1996; BJD 126:275-282, 1992; Arch Dermatol Syphilol 39:679-685, 1939 Halo dermatitis Ped Derm 9:275, 1992 Hand dermatitis – numerous etiologies including allergic contact dermatitis (tulip fingers, etc.), irritant contact dermatitis, dyshidrosis, ingested allergens (nickel, chromium), dermatophytid, atopic, water exposure (‘housewives’ dermatitis’) Rook p.648, 1998, Sixth Edition Hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms and soles BJD 109:205-208, 1983; BJD 107:195-202, 1982

Ichthyosis Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis Juvenile plantar dermatosis Clin Exp Dermatol 11:529-534, 1986; Semin Dermatol 1:67-75, 1982; Clin Exp Dermatol 1:253-260, 1976 Keratolysis exfoliativa Lichen nitidus – palmar lesions resemble chronic fissured dermatitis, palmar hyperkeratosis Clin Exp Dermatol 18:381-383, 1993; minute papules AD 104:538-540, 1971; dyshidrosis-like BJD 82:423-424, 1976 Lichen planus – mimicking hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis Rook p.656, 1998, Sixth Edition; generalized dermatitis Rook p.1904-1912, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen simplex chronicus (neurodermatitis) Bolognia p.210, 2004 Lichen striatus Int J Dermatol 25:584-585, 1986 Lip lickers dermatitis – perioral The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.76, 2000 Necrolytic acral erythema Int J Derm 35:252-256, 1996 Nipple dermatitis The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.76, 2000 Nummular dermatitis The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.76, 2000 Pachydermatous eosinophilic dermatitis (hypereosinophilic dermatitis) – resembles severe atopic dermatitis with hypertrophic genital lesions BJD 134:469-474, 1996; Dermatologica 162:444-450, 1981 Palmar dermatitis AD 131:325-329, 1995 Papular prurigo (chronic prurigo of adults) Rook p.672-673, 1998, Sixth Edition Parapsoriasis Perioral dermatitis Pityriasis alba Rook p.664-665, 1998, Sixth Edition Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rubra pilaris – dermatitic patches in atypical adult PRP Rook p.1542, 1998, Sixth Edition Prurigo pigmentosa Cutis 63:99-102, 1999; BJD 120:705-708, 1989; AD 125:1551-1554, 1989 Psoriasis Rook p.1602-1603, 1998, Sixth Edition; napkin psoriasis Psoriasiform spongiotic dermatitis Ring dermatitis – due to soap and/or water trapped under a ring; due to radioactive gold JAMA 205:595-596, 1968 Seborrheic dermatitis – scalp, nasolabial folds, umbilicus, groin, axillae; yellow-brown adherent scale of scalp; scales smaller, whiter, and drier of face, axillae Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.247, 2001; Rook p.476, 1998, Sixth Edition Subcorneal pustular dermatitis Syringolymphoid hyperplasia JAAD 49:1177-1180, 2003 Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease) JAAD 35:653-666, 1996 Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood – scarlatiniform or dermatitic JAAD 27:693-696, 1992 Vorner’s palmoplantar keratoderma – neonatal BCIE-like dermatitis

Factitial dermatitis Ped Derm 21:205-211, 2004 Hand dermatitis – obsessive-compulsive disorder with repeated hand washing JAAD 13:965-967, 1985

Andogsky syndrome – atopic dermatitis and unilateral cataracts Ped Derm 20:419-420, 2003; Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 52:824-831, 1914 Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Rook p.702, 1998, Sixth Edition Ankyloblepharon-ectrodactyly-cleft lip/palate (AEC syndrome) – severe dermatitis; congenital scalp erosions AD 134:1121-1124, 1998; Ped Derm 10:334-340,1993; generalized fissured erosions of trunk BJD 149:395-399, 2003; Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.468, 2001 Ataxia telangiectasia – dermatitis; telangiectasias of bulbar conjunctivae, tip of nose, ears, antecubital and popliteal fossae, dorsal hands and feet; atrophy with mottled hypo-and hyperpigmentation, dermatomal CALMs, photosensitivity, canities, acanthosis nigricans, dermatitis; cutaneous granulomas present as papules or nodules, red plaques with atrophy or ulceration Rook p.2095,1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 10:431-438, 1984; Ann Intern Med 99:367-379, 1983 Bazex syndrome Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (Noonan-like short stature syndrome) (NS) – autosomal dominant; xerosis/ichthyosis, eczematous dermatitis, growth failure, hyperkeratotic papules, ulerythema ophryogenes, seborrheic dermatitis, CALMs, nevi, keratosis pilaris, patchy or widespread ichthyosiform eruption, sparse curly short scalp hair and eyebrows and lashes, hemangiomas, acanthosis nigricans, congenital lymphedema of the hands, redundant skin of the hands, short stature, abnormal facies, cardiac defects JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Ped Derm 17:231-234, 2000; JAAD 28:815-819, 1993; AD 129:46-47, 1993; JAAD 22:920-922, 1990; port wine stain Clin Genet 42:206-209, 1992 Down’s syndrome – lichenified dermatitis of neck and extremities Rook p.373, 1998, Sixth Edition Dubowitz’s syndrome – severe eczema, sparse hair, sparse arched eyebrows, dysplastic ear pinnae Clin Exp Dermatol 19:425-427, 1994; Am J Med Genet 47:959-964, 1993 Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC syndrome) – scalp dermatitis BJD 132:621-625, 1995 Ectodermal dysplasias Bolognia p.210, 2004 Hearing loss with atopic dermatitis (familial) – atopic dermatitislike eruption The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.76, 2000; Acta Otolaryngol 82:242, 1976 Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma – vesicopustules of hands and feet at 1-3 months of age; widespread atopic dermatitis-like dermatitis; keratotic papules of hands, feet, elbows, and knees AD 103:409-422, 1971 Hurler’s syndrome The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.76, 2000; Rook p.700, 1998, Sixth Edition Ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia (IFAP) – atopic dermatitis; collodion membrane and erythema at birth; ichthyosis, spiny (keratotic) follicular papules (generalized follicular keratoses), non-scarring alopecia, keratotic papules of elbows, knees, fingers, extensor surfaces, xerosis; punctate keratitis, photophobia; nail dystrophy, psychomotor delay, short stature; enamel dysplasia, beefy red tongue and gingiva, angular stomatitis, lamellar scales, psoriasiform plaques, palmoplantar erythema Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; JAAD 46:S156-158, 2002; BJD 142:157-162, 2000; AD 125:103-106, 1989; Ped Derm 12:195, 1995; Dermatologica 177:341-347, 1988; Am J Med Genet 85:365-368, 1999 Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome BJD 144:639, 2001; Blood 83:2759-2779, 1994; atopic dermatitis-like eruption Rook p.703, 1998, Sixth Edition Incontinentia pigmenti

Job’s syndrome (hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome) Buckley’s syndrome) – dermatitis of face, behind ears, scalp, axillae, and groin; retention of primary teeth with double rows of teeth; deepset eyes, broad nasal bridge, wide fleshy nasal tip, prognathism, ocular hypertelorism recurrent bacterial infections of skin with cold abscesses, contact urticaria, infections of nasal sinuses and respiratory tract AD 140:1119-1125, 2004; Clin Inf Dis 34:1213-1214,1267-1268, 2002; JAAD S268-269, 2002; J Pediatr 141:572-575, 2002; NEJM 340:692-702, 1999; Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998; Medicine 62:195-208, 1983; Pediatrics 49:59-70, 1972; Lancet 1:1013-1015, 1966 Kawasaki’s disease Kindler’s syndrome Klinefelter’s syndrome – stasis dermatitis Long arm of chromosome 18 deletions syndrome Netherton’s syndrome – flexural lichenification; trichorrhexis invaginata Ped Derm 19:285-292, 2002; AD 135:823-832, 1999; BJD 141:1097-1100, 1999; Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998; Ped Derm 14:473-476, 1997; Ped Derm 13:183-199, 1996; BJD 131:615-619, 1994 Omenn’s syndrome Acta Derm 782:71, 1988; presents in neonatal period with atopic-like dermatitis Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.255, 2001 Powell syndrome – X-linked, intractable diarrhea, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, dermatitis, hemolytic anemia Am J Med Genet 66:378-398, 1996 Rapp-Hodgkin hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia – autosomal dominant; alopecia of wide area of scalp in frontal to crown area, short eyebrows and eyelashes, coarse wiry sparse hypopigmented scalp hair, sparse body hair, scalp dermatitis, ankyloblepharon, syndactyly, nipple anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate; nails narrow and dystrophic, small stature, hypospadius, conical teeth and anodontia or hypodontia; distinctive facies, short stature JAAD 53:729-735, 2005; Ped Derm 7:126-131, 1990; J Med Genet 15:269-272, 1968 Reiter’s syndrome – dermatitis of penis and scrotum Rook p.2767, 1998; Arthr Rheum 24:844-849, 1981; Semin Arthritis Rheum 3:253-286, 1974 Richner-Hanhart syndrome (tyrosinemia type II) Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998 Say-Barber syndrome – short stature, microcephaly, large ears, flexion contractures, decreased subcutaneous fat; dermatitis in infancy with transient hypogammaglobulinemia Am J Med Genet 86:165-167, 1999 Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome – eyelid cysts (apocrine hidrocystomas), palmoplantar keratoderma (plantar dermatitis), hypotrichosis, decreased number of teeth, brittle and furrowed nails AD 140:231-236, 2004; BJD 127:33-35, 1992; JAAD 10:922-925, 1984; Birth Defects XII:219-221, 1971 Schwachman’s syndrome – neutropenia, malabsorption, failure to thrive; generalized xerosis, follicular hyperkeratosis, widespread dermatitis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis Ped Derm 9:57-61, 1992; Arch Dis Child 55:531-547, 1980; J Pediatr 65:645-663, 1964 Short stature, mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, short webbed neck, skin changes, congenital heart disease – xerosis, dermatitis, low-set ears, umbilical hernia Clin Dysmorphol 5:321-327, 1996 Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, eczema, and hypogammaglobulinemia Clin Dysmorphol 8:79-85, 1999 Trichothiodystrophy syndromes – BIDS, IBIDS, PIBIDS – dermatitis, sparse or absent eyelashes and eyebrows, brittle hair, premature aging, sexual immaturity, ichthyosis, dysmyelination, bird-like facies, dental caries;

trichothiodystrophy with ichthyosis, urologic malformations, hypercalciuria and mental and physical retardation JAAD 44:891-920, 2001; Ped Derm 14:441-445, 1997 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome – atopic dermatitis, thrombocytopenia, malignant lymphoma, leukemia Dermatol Therapy 18:176-183, 2005; Curr Prob Derm 14:41-70, 2002; Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.255, 2001; Rook p.700,2746, 1998, Sixth Edition; Int J Dermatol 24:77-81, 1985

Airbag dermatitis – bizarre shapes of erythema and dermatitis resembling factitial dermatitis JAAD 33:824-825, 1995 Radiation dermatitis Radiation recall Spinal cord injury – nummular dermatitis below the level of injury AD 83:379-385, 1961

Eczematoid pigmented purpuric eruption Port wine stain with overlying dermatitis BJD 144:1269-1270, 2001 Post-phlebitic syndrome – pain, edema, night cramps, hemosiderin deposition, dermatitis Phlebology 11:2-5, 1996 Saphenous vein graft donor site dermatitis Arch Surg 129:609, 1993 Vasculitis simulating eczematous dermatitis – with C2 deficiency Acta DV 67:265-7, 1987 Venous stasis dermatitis Rook p.659, 1998, Sixth Edition

Allergic contact dermatitis Bare lymphocyte syndrome Rook p.2745, 1998, Sixth Edition Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia – atopic-like dermatitis; dermatomyositis-like syndrome Rook p.2749, 1998, Sixth Edition C3 deficiency – recurrent infections, vasculitis, LE; C3 inactivator deficiency – dermatitis early in infancy Rook p.2744, 1998, Sixth Edition Chronic granulomatous disease – X-linked or autosomal recessive, seborrheic dermatitis-like changes, Xp21 (distal end of Xp), localized pyodermas, abscesses, granulomas, perioral and intraoral ulcers, lungs/liver/spleen, defect in NADPH oxidase system; including NADPH, phagocyte cytochrome b, and cytosolic proteins; membrane-associate NADPH oxidase system fails to produce superoxide and other toxic oxygen metabolites; Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Serratia, Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Nocardia DiGeorge’s syndrome (may be same as velocardiofacial syndrome) – autosomal dominant or sporadic; seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis; developmental defects of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches, congenital thymic aplasia, neonatal tetany due to absence of parathyroids, cardiac anomalies (truncus arteriosus), short philtrum, low-set malformed ears, hypertelorism, increased susceptibility to Candida, viral, and Pneumocystis carinii infections, loss of portion of proximal long arm of chromosome 22 Rook p.498, 1998, Sixth Edition

Hypogammaglobulinemia Ghatan p.107, 2002, Second Edition Jung’s syndrome (antihistamine responsive immunodeficiency) – atopic dermatitis, pyoderma, folliculitis, blepharitis with defective leukocyte and lymphocyte function Lancet ii:185-187, 1983 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis – Still’s disease Linear IgA disease (chronic bullous disease of childhood) Lupus erythematosus – neonatal LE JAAD 40:675-681, 1999; Clin Exp Rheumatol 6:169-172, 1988; discoid lupus erythematosus Ped Derm 15:439-442, 1998 Pemphigus foliaceus – blisters, crusts, and erosions JAAD:S187-189, 2003 Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia (agammaglobulinemia) Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998; J Allergy 33:406-411, 1962 X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM – atopic dermatitis-like rash Rook p.2749, 1998, Sixth Edition

Collodion baby Exfoliation of the newborn Toxic erythema of newborn

Multiple drug allergies Retinoid dermatitis Rook p.1969, 1998, Sixth Edition

Irritant contact dermatitis Lime phototoxicity

AIDS – atopic dermatitis-like eruption Rook p.2749, 1998, Sixth Edition; dermatitis of HIV disease in children JAAD 20:1130, 1989 Candidiasis, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Herpes simplex infection – eczema herpeticum Molluscum contagiosum – dermatitis surrounding the mollusca (molluscum dermatitis) Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.219, 2001; Rook p.636,1006 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 74:344-348, 1956 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Ghatan p.112, 2002, Second Edition Syphilis – congenital, secondary Tinea faciei, including tinea incognito Tinea versicolor

Langerhans cell histiocytosis – cutaneous findings include crops of red-brown or red-yellow papules, vesicopustules, erosions, scaling, and seborrheic dermatitis-like papules, petechiae, purpura, solitary nodules, bronze pigmentation, lipid infiltration of the eyes, white plaques of the oral mucosa, onycholysis, and onychodystrophy Curr Prob Derm VI Jan/Feb 1994; Clin Exp Derm 11:183-187, 1986; JAAD 13:481-496, 1985; purpuric papules in the neonate; Letterer-Siwe disease JAAD 18:646-654, 1988

Stevens-Johnson syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Acrodermatitis enteropathica Biotinidase deficiency – combination of eczematous dermatitis and neurologic symptoms Celiac disease – atopic dermatitis-like eruption Rook p.700, 1998, Sixth Edition; Lancet i:115-117, 1976 Cystic fibrosis, heterozygote Lancet i:990-991, 1976 Hartnup’s disease Cutis 68:31-34, 2001; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999 Kwashiorkor – ‘enamel paint’ change; may resemble atopic dermatitis on the face; red brown scaly plaques JAAD 21:1-30, 1989 Lysinuric protein intolerance – autosomal recessive; defect in membrane transport of cationic amino acids (lysine, arginine, ornithine); hyperammonemia; dermatitis resembling neonatal lupus Lancet 363:1038, 2004; Eur J Pediatr 160:5223, 2001 Methylmalonic acidemia cobalamin C type AD 133:1563-1566, 1997 Multiple carboxylase deficiency (biotin-responsive) – pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and 3-methylcrotohyl-CoA carboxylase; accumulation of urinary organic acids; neonatal – holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency; juvenile or late-onset from – biotinidase deficiency Ped Derm 21:231-235, 2004; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999 Pellagra Phenylketonuria Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998

Leukemia cutis – aleukemic juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

Actinic prurigo BJD 144:194-196, 2001; JAAD 44:952-956, 2001; Ped Derm 17:432-435, 2000; JAAD 26:683-692, 1992; Ped Derm 3:384-389, 1986; JAAD 5:183-190, 1981

Atopic dermatitis Rook p.695, 1998, Sixth Edition Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Exfoliative dermatitis Leiner’s disease Non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma Periorbital dermatitis (periorbital variant of perioral dermatitis) (granulomatous perioral dermatitis) – idiopathic or topical corticosterioid-associated Rook p.2110-2111, 1998, Sixth Edition; including facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption (FACE) BJD 91:435-438, 1976 Pityriasis lichenoides chronica Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rubra pilaris Psoriasis BJD 135:501, 1996 Seborrheic dermatitis Vorner’s palmoplantar keratoderma

Factitial dermatitis Ped Derm 21:205-211, 2004

Ataxia telangiectasia Bloom’s syndrome Goltz’s syndrome Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Weary – vesiculopustules of hands and feet at age 1-3 months which resolve; widespread atopic dermatitis-like dermatitis; diffuse poikiloderma with striate and reticulate atrophy; keratotic papules of hands and feet, elbows and knees; autosomal dominant AD 103:409-422, 1971 Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job’s syndrome) (Buckley’s syndrome) – dermatitis of face, scalp, axillae, and groin; recurrent bacterial infections of skin with cold abscesses, contact urticaria, infections of nasal sinuses and respiratory tract AD 140:1119-1125, 2004; J Pediatr 141:572-575, 2002; Curr Prob Derm 10:41-92, 1998; Medicine 62:195-208, 1983; Pediatrics 49:59-70, 1972; Lancet 1:1013-1015, 1966 Kawasaki’s disease KID syndrome – keratosis, ichthyosis, deafness syndrome – fixed orange, symmetrical hyperkeratotic plaques of scalp, ears, and face with perioral rugae; aged or leonine facies; erythrokeratoderma-like; later hyperkeratotic nodules develop Ped Derm 17:115-117, 2000; Ped Derm 13:105-113, 1996 Netherton’s syndrome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome – dermatitis of scalp, face, flexures, napkin area with purpura Rook p.495, 1998, Sixth Edition Xeroderma pigmentosum

Lip lickers’ dermatitis The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.76, 2000 Radiation reaction

Vasculitis

Allergic contact dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002; protein contact dermatitis; eyeglass frames; nail cosmetics, eyedrops, fragrance, preservatives Dermatomyositis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 Graft vs. host reaction AD 126:1324-1329, 1990; sclerodermatous graft vs. host reaction – periorbital papules JAAD 26:49-55, 1992; periorbital lichenoid chronic graft vs. host reaction AD 134:602-612, 1998 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Still’s disease) Lupus erythematosus – SLE JAAD 26:334, 1992; discoid LE (eyelid plaques) AD 129:495, 1993; bullous LE; lupus profundus JAAD 24:288, 1991; neonatal LE (raccoon eyes) Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.297, 2001; JAAD 40:675-681, 1999; Clin Exp Rheumatol 6:169-172, 1988

Pemphigus vulgaris, foliaceus – erythema and erosions JAAD 33:312-315,1995 Progressive systemic sclerosis and linear scleroderma JAAD 7:541-544, 1982 Urticaria (systemic, contact, physical) – eyelid dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002

Atacurium Augmentin drug eruption Calcium channel blockers JAAD 21:132-133, 1989 Contrast medium Clin Radiol 40:108, 1989 Corticosteroids – topical corticosteroid periorbital dermatitis Dilantin AD 114:1350, 1978 Erythropoietin Fixed drug eruption Interleukin-4 Mannitol Methylprednisolone AJ Ophth 113:588-590, 1992 Nifedipine Am J Cardiol 55:1445, 1985 Phenylephrine Contact Dermatitis 53:298-299, 2005 Post-influenza vaccination Can Med Assoc J 116:724, 1977 Rifampin Steroid rosacea Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Irritant contact dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 Food – rice Allerg Immunopathol 20:171-172, 1992 Recurrent facial eczema due to ‘strike anywhere’ matches phorphorus sesquisulphide BJD 106:477, 1982

Anthrax Cat scratch disease Chlamydia Coccidioides immitis Ann Ophthalmol 20:391-393, 1998 Cutaneous larva migrans Dermatophytosis Ecthyma gangrenosum BJD 148:121, 2003 Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis Herpes simplex virus – primary infection; chronic Herpes zoster – including post-zoster dysesthesias HTLV-1 infection – infective dermatitis of scalp, eyelid margins, perinasal skin, retro-auricular areas, axillae, groin; generalized papular dermatitis Lancet 336:1345-1347, 1990; BJD 79:229-236, 1967; BJD 78:93-100, 1966 Impetigo Insect bites Intraocular infections Jellyfish envenomaton Leishmaniasis Lepidopterism

Leprosy Lyme disease – including dermatomyositis associated with Lyme disease Clin Inf Dis 18:166-171, 1994 Lymphogranuloma venereum Malaria Measles Molluscum contagiosum Ann Ophthalmol 20:391-393, 1998 Mucormycosis AD 122:329-334, 1986 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – scrofuloderma Rook p.1193, 1998, Sixth Edition Myiasis Papular urticaria Russell’s viper bite Scabies – crusted (Norwegian) scabies Ped Derm 17:410-414, 2000 Scarlet fever Sparganosis Syphilis – primary (chancre), secondary Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Verrucae planae (flat warts) Zygomycosis

Amyloidosis, including macular amyloidosis with periorbital hyperpigmentation Clin Exp Dermatol 8:195-197, 1983 Colloid milium Eosinophilic or basophilic granulomas (pseudotumor of orbit) Langerhans cell histiocytosis Mucinosis, cutaneous Orbital pseudotumor Ann Allergy 69:101-105, 1992 Scleromyxedema JAAD 928-930, 1996 Xanthoma disseminatum – periorbital papules JAAD 15:433-436, 1991

Erythema multiforme Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis JAAD 38:1-17,1998; JAAD 131:1141-1145, 1995; JAAD 28:775, 1993 Orbital myositis and giant cell myocarditis JAAD 35:310-312, 1996 Sarcoid AD 118:356-357, 1982; Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome

Acrodermatitis enteropathica Fabry’s disease Arch Ophthal 74:760, 1965 Hartnup’s disease Cutis 68:31-34, 2001; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; presenting in adulthood Clin Exp Dermatol 19:407-408, 1994 Type B Niemann-Pick disease Metab Ped Syst Ophthal 15:16-20, 1992 Xanthelasma Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency – dermatitis around nose, eyes, ears, and genitals (oro-oculogenital syndrome) Rook p.2657, 1998, Sixth Edition; Clinics in Derm 17:457-461, 1999; AD 112:70-72, 1976

Angiosarcoma of face and scalp (Wilson Jones angiosarcoma) JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Atypical lymphoid hyperplasia JAAD 37:839-842, 1997 Basal cell carcinoma Benign and malignant ectodermal and mesodermal tumors (orbital tumors) Bowen’s disease Carcinoid syndrome Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Epidermal inclusion cyst Eruptive hidradenoma – papules Cutis 46:69-72, 1990 Juvenile xanthogranuloma JAAD 14:405-411, 1986 Kaposi’s sarcoma Leukemia, including HTLV-1 – papules Lymphoma, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 Melanoma Merkel cell tumor Metastatic breast cancer – eyelid enlargement JAAD 37:362-364, 1997 Myeloma – cutaneous crystalline deposits AD 130:484-488,1994 Periorbital cutaneous myxomas JAAD 34:928-930, 1995 Sebaceous gland carcinoma Primary sweat gland carcinoma Syringomas Trichoepithelioma

Chronic actinic dermatitis Piroxicam (Feldene) photodermatitis Polymorphic light eruption Quinidine photo-lichen planus

Acne rosacea – eyelid dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002; JAAD 37:346-348, 1997; AD 121:87, 1985 Acne vulgaris Alopecia mucinosa Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia Ped Derm 15:91-96, 1998; Ann Allergy 69:101-5, 1992 Atopic dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 Blepharitis granulomatosa AD 120:1141, 1984 Epidermolysis bullosa – Herlitz junctional EB and junctional EB mitis – periorbital erosions Granuloma annulare Lichen planus of eyelids – heliotrope JAAD 27:638, 1992 Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus Rook p.2549-2551, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen simplex chronicus – eyelid dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 Periorbital dermatitis (periorbital variant of perioral dermatitis) – idiopathic or topical corticosterioid-associated Rook p.2110-2111, 1998, Sixth Edition; including facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption (FACE) BJD 91:435-438, 1976

Psoriasis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 Seborrheic dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 Vitiligo and sunburn

Delusions of parasitosis Factitial dermatitis

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Carcinoid syndrome Fabry’s disease Familial sea blue histiocytosis Hypereosinophilic syndrome Kawasaki’s disease Lipoid proteinosis Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome NAME/LAMB syndromes Netherton’s syndrome Neurofibromatosis Sjögren’s syndrome – eyelid dermatitis JAAD 47:755-765, 2002 SLY syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome Sweet’s syndrome JAAD 24:140-141, 1991

Alkali burn Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome

Physical trauma Valsalva maneuver – periorbital purpuric eruption

Disseminated intravascular coagulation BJ Ophth 72:347-379, 1988 Hemangiomas Neonatal hemangiomatosis Pyogenic granuloma Recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis Sem Derm 14:106-110, 1995; AD 130:1159-1166, 1994 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Wegener’s granulomatosis

Allergic contact dermatitis – perioral dermatitis from toothpaste, dental fillings; epoxy diacrylates JAAD 38:116-120, 1998; Rook p.762, 1998, Sixth Edition; apple – perioral urticarial dermatitis

JAAD 53:736-737, 2005; perianal dermatitis from local anesthetics, fragrances, antifungals, topical corticosteroids Rook p.759, 1998, Sixth Edition Amicrobial pustulosis associated with autoimmune disease treated with zinc BJD 143:1306-1310, 2000 Chronic granulomatous disease – impetiginized perioral dermatitis JAAD 36:899-907, 1997 Dermatomyositis Dermatitis herpetiformis Hyper-IgE syndrome Am J Dis Child 143:1038-1041, 1989 Linear IgA disease (chronic bullous disease of childhood) – perioral, perivulvar annular polycyclic bullae Rook p.1882, 1998, Sixth Edition; Ped Derm 15:108-111, 1998; Ped Derm 11:139-144, 1994 Pemphigus foliaceus Ann DV 126:41-43, 1999 Pemphigus vulgaris

Corticosteroid, topical – perioral dermatitis, Int J Derm 26:649, 1987; rosacea Fixed drug eruption

Ecstasy Dermatology 197:171-173, 1998 Tartar control dentifrice dermatitis – perioral JAAD 22:1029-1032

AIDS, childhood – atopic dermatitis-like eruption Rook p.2749, 1998, Sixth Edition Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (granuloma inguinale) Rook p.1072, 1998, Sixth Edition Candidiasis, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Green shield bug (Palomena prasina) – perioral bullae BJD 119:121-125, 1988 Herpes simplex virus – herpes stomatitis Ped Derm 20:289-294, 2003; Drugs Aging 19:503-514, 2002; Tyring p.86, 2002; eczema herpeticum Cutis 73:301-317, 2004 Impetigo Mycobacterium tuberculosis – tuberculosis orificialis Paracoccidioidomycosis – oral and perioral lesions Rook p.1370, 1998, Sixth Edition Parvovirus B19 infection – generalized petechial eruption with perioral accentuation JAAD 52:S109-113, 2005; Clin Inf Dis 35:1558-1561, 2002 Perianal streptococcal cellulitis Pseudomonas – ecthyma gangrenosum in the neonate Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.194, 2001 Pyoderma Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Syphilis – secondary Yaws – secondary (daughter yaws, pianomas, framboesiomas)) – small papules which ulcerate, become crusted; resemble raspberries; periorificial (around mouth, nose, penis, anus, vulva); extend peripherally (circinate yaws); hyperkeratotic plantar plaques (crab yaws); periungual Rook p.1268-1271, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 29:519-535, 1993

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Crohn’s disease Hidradenitis suppurativa Hirschsprung disease – perianal papulonodular dermatitis Ann DV 123:549-551, 1996 Post-inflammatory – secondary to lip licking, contact or photocontact dermatitis Pyoderma vegetans Hautarzt 35:132-137, 1984 Sarcoid

Acrodermatitis enteropathica or acquired zinc deficiency – autosomal recessive; zinc is metal moiety of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (results in low serum alkaline phosphatase), alcohol dehydrogenase, digestive enzymes Ped Derm 19: 426-431, 2002; Ped Derm 19:180-182, 2002; J Inorg Biochem 12:71-78, 1980; Int J Derm 17:380-387, 1978 Biotin deficiency, dietary – dermatitis around nose and mouth J Dermatol 32:256-261, 2005; Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.254, 2001; Acta Pediatr 85:872-874, 1996 Biotinidase deficiency – autosomal recessive; pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and 3-methylcrotohyl-CoA carboxylase; accumulation of urinary organic acids; neonatal and infantile; neonatal – holocarboxylase synthetase deficient; seen in first 6 weeks of life; fiery red intertriginous dermatitis; infantile, juvenile, or late onset – biotinidase deficient (biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency); after 3 months of life, intertriginous rash with keratoconjunctivitis, xerosis, generalized pallor, periorificial dermatitis, alopecia, branny desquamation, and atrophic glossitis Ped Derm 21:231-235, 2004; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; Semin Dermatol 10:296-302, 1991; JAAD 9:97-103, 1983 Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (urea cycle) deficiency (arginine deficiency) Am J Dis Child 135:437-442, 1981 Neonatal citrullinemia – autosomal recessive; deficiency of argininosucccinic acid synthetase or ornithine transcarbamylase or carbamoyl phosphate synthetase; cutaneous lesions due to arginine deficiency JAAD 46:965-967, 2002; JAAD 14:321-326, 1986; Am J Dis Child 135:437-442, 1981 Essential amino acid deficiencies – isoleucine, valine, methionine, threonine; same clinical picture as acrodermatitis enteropathica Ped Derm 19:180-182, 2002 Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency – unsaturated 18, 20 or 22 carbon chain lengths; n-6 series produces arachidonic acid from linoleic acid; EFAs are precursors of eicosanoids, influence membrane fluidity and are necessary for lamellar granule formation in epidermis; alopecia, generalized xerotic scaling and intertriginous erosions AD 113:939-941, 1977; Pediatrics 31:171-192, 1963 Histidine deficiency Am J Clin Nutr 21:367-375, 1968; Pediatrics 31:786-801, 1963 Isoleucine deficiency – diet treatment of propionic acidemia and arginino-succinic acidemia JAAD 28:289, 1993; Ped Derm 9:191, 1992 Kwashiorkor – protein/amino acid deficiency – perioral dermatitis; patient has peripheral edema yet only weighs 60-80% of expected weight; patches of hypopigmentation

with fine circumoral branny desquamation; extensor surfaces dry, glossy and cracked; edema starts on dorsal aspects of feet and can generalize; enamel paint spots on elbows, knees, ankles, and intertriginous areas; flaky paint describes extensive peeling with erosion and flexural fissuring; red tinge to hair; flag sign AD 137:630-636, 2001; JAAD 21:1-30, 1989; AD 123:1674-1676, 1987 Liver disease, chronic (cirrhosis) – pseudoglucagonoma syndrome BJD 101:581-587, 1979 Malnutrition-associated rash of cystic fibrosis Ped Derm 17:337-347, 2000 Maple syrup urine disease – isoleucine, leucine, and/or valine deficiency; impaired degradation of branched chain amino acids; elevated leucine, isoleucine, and valine in blood, urine and tissues; erythematous scaling diaper dermatitis; widespread erythematous dermatitis during treatment with dietary restriction Am J Dis Child 147:954-956, 1993; JAAD 28:289-292, 1993 Methylmalonic acidemia – deficiency of methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase or its cofactors adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin Dermatol Pediatr Lat 1:46-48, 2003; Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; AD 133:1563-1566, 1997; J Pediatr 124:416-420, 1994; BJD 131:93-98, 1994 Nutritional deficiency associated with anorexia nervosa AD 140:521-524, 2004 Propionic academia (aciduria) Ped Derm 16:95-102, 1999; J Pediatr 124:416-420, 1994 Pyridoxine deficiency – pyridoxal phosphate is coenzyme in tryptophan metabolism, alanine aminotransferase, apartate aminotransferase, amino acid cocarboxylases, deaminase, transulfurases, and desulfhydrase enzymes, amino butyric acid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism JAAD 15:1263-1264, 1986 Tyrosinemia type II Ped Derm 17:337-347, 2000 Vitamin B1 deficiency Clinics in Derm 17:457-461, 1999 Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency – dermatitis around nose, eyes, ears, and genitals (oro-oculogenital syndrome) Clinics in Derm 17:457-461, 1999; Rook p.2657, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 112:70-72, 1976 Zinc deficiency, acquired – due to inadequate dietary intake – low breast milk zinc, weaning to cow’s milk, starvation, anorexia nervosa, prolonged hyperalimentation without supplemental zinc Ped Derm 19:426-431, 2002; Ped Derm 17:337-347, 2000; due to decreased gastrointestinal absorption – gastrointestinal disorders, phytate-rich foods Ped Derm 17:337-347, 2000; late acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica NEJM 352:1121, 2005

Leukemia – HTLV-1 (acute T-cell leukemia) – perioral, perinasal, retroauricular rashes JAAD 49:979-1000, 2003 Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; perioral dermatitis Clin Exp Dermatol 17:132-134, 1992

Glucagonoma syndrome – alpha cell tumor in the tail of the pancreas; 50% of cases have metastasized by the time of diagnosis; skin rash, angular stomatitis, cheilosis, beefy red glossitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, alopecia, crumbling nails; rarely, associated with MEN I or IIA syndromes Int J Derm 43:12-18, 2004; AD 133:909, 912, 1997; JAAD 12:1032-1039, 1985; Ann Intern Med 91:213-215, 1979

Acanthosis nigricans Atopic dermatitis Childhood granulomatous perioral dermatitis J Eur Acad DV 19:470-473, 2005; Cutis 73:399-402, 2004; AD 138:1354-1358, 2002; Ped Derm 13:131-134, 1996; AD 128:1703-1708, 1989 Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional – letalis (atrophicans generalisata gravis, Herlitz type) – extensive blistering and erosions at birth; perioral and nasal exuberant granulation tissue and erosions Rook p.1828-1829, 1998, Sixth Edition; Epidermolysis Bullosa: Basic and Clinical Aspects. New York: Springer, 1992:118-134; JAAD 12:836-844, 1985; also junctional EB mitis; cicatricial junctional epidermolysis bullosa Erythrose peribuccale pigmentaire of Brocq – diffuse brown pigmentation around mouth with narrow perioral sparing; central face, forehead, angles of jaw, temples Rook p.1791, 1998, Sixth Edition Facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption (FACE) – resembles perioral dermatitis Clin Exp Dermatol 15:163-166, 1990; BJD 91:435-438, 1976 Fine scaling, keratosis pilaris, periorificial crusting, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, blistering JAAD 34:379-385, 1996 Granulomatous periorificial dermatitis – extrafacial and generalized periorificial dermatitis AD 138:1354-1358, 2002 Intertrigo Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus Lichen simplex chronicus Lip licker’s dermatitis Can Fam Physician 48:1051, 1059, 2002; Rook p.698, 1998, Sixth Edition Perioral dermatitis Int J Derm 42:514-517, 2003 Periorbital dermatitis (periorbital variant of perioral dermatitis) – idiopathic or topical corticosterioid-associated Rook p.2110-2111,3551, 1998, Sixth Edition Psoriasis Cutis 43:157-158, 1989 Seborrheic dermatitis Vitiligo

Cystic fibrosis – autosomal recessive; dermatitis due to dietary deficiencies associated with the patient’s pancreatic dysfunction acrodermatitis enteropathica-like changes Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.267, 2001; AD 128:1358-1364, 1992; JAAD 25:896-897, 1991; AD 119:l51-155, 1983; at initial presentation of cystic fibrosis AD 128:1358, 1992 Goltz’s syndrome – perioral papules Clin Exp Dermatol 30:35-37, 2005; Cutis 53:309-312, 1994 Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (dyskeratosis) (Gap junction disease, Witkop disease) – red eyes, non-scarring alopecia, keratosis pilaris, erythema of oral(palate, gingiva) and nasal mucous membranes, cervix, vagina, and urethra; perineal and perigenital psoriasiform dermatitis; increased risk of infections, fibrocystic lung disease BJD 153:310-318, 2005; Ped Derm 11:133-138, 1994; JAAD 21:351-357, 1989; Am J Hum Genet 31:414-427, 1979; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 46:645-657, 1978 Hereditary perioral pigmented follicular atrophoderma associated with milia and epidermoid cysts BJD 139:713-718, 1998

KID syndrome – keratosis, ichthyosis, deafness syndrome – fixed orange, symmetrical hyperkeratotic plaques of scalp, ears, and face with perioral rugae; aged or leonine facies; erythrokeratoderma-like; later hyperkeratotic nodules develop Ped Derm 17:115-117, 2000; Ped Derm 13:105-113, 1996 Mal de Meleda – autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive; transgrediens with acral erythema in glove-like distribution; perioral erythema and hyperkeratosis Dermatology 203:7-13, 2001; AD 136:1247-1252, 2000; J Dermatol 27:664-668, 2000; Dermatologica 171:30-37, 1985 Netherton’s syndrome Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 78:641-644, 1971 Olmsted syndrome – periorificial keratotic plaques; congenital diffuse sharply marginated transgradient keratoderma of palms and soles, onychodystrophy, constriction of digits, diffuse alopecia, thin nails, chronic paronychia, leukokeratosis of oral mucosa, linear keratotic streaks, follicular keratosis, constriction of digits (ainhum), anhidrosis, small stature; differential diagnostic considerations include Clouston hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, pachyonychia congenita, acrodermatitis enteropathica, Vohwinkel’s keratoderma, mal de Meleda, and other palmoplantar keratodermas JAAD 53:S266-272, 2005; Ped Derm 21:603-605, 2004; Ped Derm 20:323-326, 2003; BJD 136:935-938, 1997; AD 132:797-800, 1996; JAAD 10:600-610, 1984; Am J Dis Child 33:757-764, 1927 Shwachman syndrome – autosomal recessive; exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and bone marrow hypoplasia with neutropenia; cutaneous signs include generalized erythematous scaling eruptions, recurrent skin infections, generalized xerosis, red hands, and follicular keratoses of the trunk Ped Derm 9:57-61, 1992 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Lip licking dermatitis Perleche

Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry’s disease (α-galactosidase A) – X-linked recessive; initially, telangiectatic macules; perioral telangiectasias Rook p.2638, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 276:1163-1167, 1967

DERMATOGRAPHISM JAAD 11:643, 1984 Allergic contact dermatitis to poison ivy Allergic reactions to:

Aspirin Sulfonamides Codeine Horse serum

At site of previous allergic reaction Barbiturate and glutethimide poisoning Diabetes mellitus Drug ingestion without drug eruption (penicillin) Eosinophilic synovitis Arthr Rheum 29:1147-1151, 1986 Exercise

Famotidine (Pepcid) JAAD 31:671-678, 1994 Hymenoptera stings – immediately following wasp and bee stings Hypereosinophilic syndrome Am J Hematol 78:33-36, 2005 Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Idiopathic Intrahepatic cholestasis of infancy Mastocytosis – diffuse and systemic; urticaria pigmentosa Menopause, onset Phenylketonuria Pregnancy (especially the last half) Scabies, Cheyletiella infestation Still’s disease, adult onset J Formos Med Assoc 103:844-852, 2004 Stress Tattoos sites

DIMPLES Curr Prob Dermatol 13:249-300, 2002; Ped Derm 10:16-18, 1993 Acquired cheek dimple – gingivobuccal fibrous band AD 117:811-812, 1981 Acromial dimples – autosomal dominant Hum Genet 76:206, 1987 Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy – dimpling over the 4th and 5th metacarpophalangeal joints; short stature, round facies, brachydactyly, obesity, ossification of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, endocrine abnormalities Medicine 75 (4):171-184, 1996 Amniocentesis – dimple-like scars Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology,p.103-104, 2001; AD 135:697-703, 1999; JAAD 18:239-259, 1988 Apert’s syndrome – knuckle, shoulder, and elbow dimples Cutis 52:205-208, 1993 Arthrogyrosis – associated with aberrant positioning during fetal life Curr Prob Dermatol 13:249-300, 2002; Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Bloom’s syndrome – sacral dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Camptomelic dysplasia – associated with aberrant positioning during fetal life Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Carcinoma of the breast (primary) Rook p.3160, 1998, Sixth Edition Carpenter’s syndrome – sacral dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Caudal dysplasia syndrome Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Cheek dimples Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001; Am J Med Genet 36:376, 1990 Chin dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Chromosome 18q deletion syndrome – acromial dimple Coccygeal pits Pediatrics 105:E69, 2000 Dermatofibroma, facial – extending to buccinator muscle Diastometamyelia Dubowitz’s syndrome – sacral dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001

18q deletion syndrome – shoulder dimples Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Familial facial dimples Curr Prob Dermatol 13:249-300, 2002 FG syndrome – sacral dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 4p deletion syndrome Hypophosphatasia – associated with aberrant positioning during fetal life Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001; Dermatologica 178:179-180, 1989 Infantile myofibromatosis Australas J Dermatol 41:156-161, 2000 Joubert syndrome Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Kyphomelic dysplasia – associated with aberrant positioning during fetal life Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Lip pits Ann Plast Surg 45:658-661, 2000 Maternal rubella syndrome Curr Prob Dermatol 13:249-300, 2002 Mesomelic shortening of the upper extremities with spur formation with cutaneous dimpling Pediatr Radiol 28:794-797, 1998 Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia – associated with aberrant positioning during fetal life Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Nail-patella syndrome – dimples over area of absent patella Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome – dimpling over 4th knuckle Popliteal pterygium syndrome – shoulder dimples Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Pretibial dimples – with multiple osseous defects Lancet 10;2 (7715):98, 1971 Spina bifida occulta (occult spinal dysraphism) Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001; Ind J Pediatr 66:697-705, 1999; Am J Roentenol 171:1687-1692, 1998; Clin Pediatr 34:650-654, 1995; dermoids and dermal sinus tracts of the spine Neurosurg Clin N Am 6:359-366, 1995 Prune belly syndrome – elbows and knees Robinow syndrome – sacral dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Rubella, congenital (maternal rubella syndrome) Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Russell-Silver dwarfism – shoulder dimples Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Scapular (shoulder) dimple – autosomal dominant Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001; Ped Derm 10:16-18, 1993 Simosa craniofacial syndrome – facial dimples Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Smith-Lenci-Opitz syndrome – sacral dimple Curr Prob Dermatol 13:249-300, 2002 Spina bifida – sacral dimples Curr Prob Dermatol 13:249-300, 2002 Tibial dimple – camptomelic dwarf Trisomy 9p – shoulder dimples Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Weaver syndrome – facial dimples Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Whistling face syndrome – H-shaped chin Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 X-linked dysmorphic syndrome with mental retardation – sacral dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001 Zellweger syndrome – sacral dimple Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.131, 2001