AMPICILLIN

Trade names: Amfipen; Ampicin; Binotal; D-Amp; Marcillin; Penbritin; Penstabil; Principen; Pro-Ampi; Sinaplin; TaroAmpicillin Trihydrate; Totacillin (GSK); Totapen; Unasyn (Pfizer); Vidopen Indications: Susceptible strains of gram-negative and grampositive bacterial infections Category: Antibiotic, penicillin Half-life: 1-1.5 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: allopurinol, anticoagulants, chloramphenicol, cyclosporine, demeclocycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, methotrexate, minocycline, oxytetracycline, sulfonamides, tetracycline

Note: Five to 10% of people taking ampicillin develop eruptions between the 5th and 14th day following initiation of therapy. Also, there is a 95% incidence of exanthematous eruptions in patients who are treated for infectious mononucleosis with ampicillin. The allergenicity of ampicillin appears to be enhanced by allopurinol or by hyperuricemia. Ampicillin is clearly the more allergenic of the two drugs when given alone

Skin Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)

(2003): Saissi EH+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 130(6-7), 612 (1996): Campbell GAM+, An bras derm 71(1), 519

Allergic reactions (1-10%) (2003): Medrala W+, Pol Merkuriusz Lek 14(79), 39 (1993): Grover JK+, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 37, 247 (2.9%)

Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis (2003): Gei AF+, Obstet Gynecol 102(6), 1332 (1998): Rich MW, Tex Heart Inst J 25, 194

Angioedema (<1%) (1982): Valsecchi R+, Contact Dermatitis 8, 278 (1980): Kraemer MJ+, Pediatrics in Review 1, 197

Baboon syndrome (1993): Herfs H+, Hautarzt (German) 44, 466 (1985): Rasmussen LP+, Ugeskr Laeger (Danish) 147, 1341

Bullous dermatitis (<1%) (1982): Stepien B+, Przegl Dermatol (Polish) 69, 65

Bullous pemphigoid (1990): Hodak E+, Clin Exp Dermatol 15, 50

Candidiasis Dermatitis

(2006): Kwon HJ+, Contact Dermatitis 54(3), 176 (1997): Romano A+, Clin Exp Allergy 27, 1425

Diaper rash Erythema annulare centrifugum Erythema multiforme (<1%)

(1995): Dhar S+, Dermatology 191, 76 (1994): Garty BZ+, Ann Pharmacother 28, 730

Exanthems (>10%) (2006): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal

communication) (observation) (1997): Romano A+, Clin Exp Allergy 27, 1425

Exfoliative dermatitis (1985): Fong PH+, Ann Acad Med Singapore 14, 693

Fixed eruption (2000): Brabek E+, Dtsch Med Wochenschr 125(42), 1260 (1998): Mahboob A+, Int J Dermatol 37, 833

Hypersensitivity (1996): Torricelli R+, Hautarzt (German) 47, 392 (1993): Romano A+, Contact Dermatitis 28, 190

Linear IgA dermatosis (2004): Shimanovich I+, J Am Acad Dermatol 51(1), 95 (2002): Cohen LM+, J Am Acad Dermatol 46, S32 (passim)