ABSTRACT
Abutments can also be classified by the material they are made from, such as gold, titanium, and ceramic. Specific abutments are also made for permanent and provisional use.
Standard Abutments Most implant manufacturers have a premade abutment normally made of titanium. Standard abutments are designed to be used as made by the manufacturer without modification. They are therefore normally symmetrical with a flat fixed gingival margin for the restoration and a set vertical height. As they are designed for single tooth restorations, they have a flat facet on the retentive element of the abutment to prevent rotation of the final crown. This lack of flexibility makes them unsuitable for high aesthetic areas but straightforward to use where aesthetics are not important or in ideal clinical situations. They have the advantage of simplicity, cost effectiveness, and limited laboratory input required. Standard abutments can only be used for cemented restorations.
