ABSTRACT
In the UK prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufacture was essentially conducted by the ‘cottage industry’ approach and relied heavily on craftsmen. The craftsmen were organised into Guilds which are still evident in some of the City Guilds today. The craftsmen trained apprentices to ensure the quality and standard of work (Figure 1.1). However, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution the skilled men could not possibly cope with the tremendous increase in manufacture required. Pre-Industrial Revolutionhttps://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780080928760/d24d81ed-ae57-47ff-a722-b98348e9bc97/content/fig1_1_B.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
