ABSTRACT
Modern sport forms are a product of the industrial era, the characteristic features of which are identified by Guttmann (1978). He provides a broad historical sweep of games and sports from ancient to modern times to argue that modern sports differ from preindustrial games, sports, recreations and rituals in several respects. The difference lies in the fact that modern sports exhibit seven interrelated characteristics which have never before appeared together. These are:
0 secularism 0 equality 0 specialization 0 rationalization 0 bureaucratization 0 quantification 0 records.
