ABSTRACT
Several investigations (Bernstein, 1962a, 1962b; Lawton, 1963, 1964; Robinson, 1965a, 1965b) have testified to the fruitfulness of Bernstein’s distinction between ‘elaborated’ and ‘restricted’ codes in that they have revealed a number of grammatical, lexical, semantic, and para-linguistic differences in the language used by workingand middleclass subjects. While these studies have each controlled for intelligence test scores of their experimental subjects, allocation to different code groups has always been based upon social class.
