ABSTRACT
The twenty-first century is generating a period of change and opportunity through a growth in new building and more emphasis on ship productivity. It has renewed pressure on driving down both ship operating and ship building costs. Ship specification is a highly regulated industry through IMO regulations endorsed by maritime governments. Likewise the operation and maintenance survey of ships are highly regulated, as found in the ISM code (p. 470). The concept behind such a highly regulated environment is ship safety, which extends to the environment and cargoes conveyed.
