ABSTRACT
He joined submarines in 1927, and except for two years, 1936-38, served in submarines continuously until his death, spending eight years in command (1933-36 and 1938-43).
He served in the submarines L.22 and Oberon, then as First Lieutenant in H.43 and Oswald. After completing the submarine CO’s course (the ‘perisher’), he commanded L.21 and Snapper. At the outbreak of war he was commanding Pandora in the Far East. The ‘P’ class was unsuitable for operation in home waters or the Mediterranean, but ‘needs must’, and Pandora operated in the Mediterranean from mid-1940. His first sinking was the Vichy French sloop Rigault de Genouilly off Algiers, after the Oran action.
