ABSTRACT
Vygotsky uses the term concepts here to mean ‘word meanings’. This extract suggests that the teacher cannot do the learning for the pupil and that in order for understanding to occur the pupil has to be active in the learning process. Active learning is then meaningful learning, in which something of interest and value to the learner has been accomplished and understood. Some writers use the term ‘deep learning’ instead of meaningful learning, by contrast to ‘shallow learning’, or surface learning, which is learning with little understanding.
