ABSTRACT
Large German companies, such as Vereinigte Stahlwerke, Krupp, Mannesmann, Rheinmetall, I.G. Farben, Kalichemie, Schering, E. Merck, AEG, and Carl Zeiss, embarked on and developed vigorous sales operations through offices acting on their behalf in Japan; I.G. Farben, for example, had an affiliate company incorporated in Japan for its sales operations. The most noteworthy example of direct investment by a German manufacturing firm in Japan was the founding in 1923 of Fuji Denki Seizo (Fuji Electric Manufacturing) as a joint venture by Siemens and Furukawa Denki Kogyo (Furukawa Electric Industry). Also, numerous trading companies based in Hamburg and Bremen gained a foothold for their activities in Japan. Most representative of these was C. Illies & Co. (see Chapter 1, section III, 3; Chapter 3, section I, 1; and Chapter 9).
