ABSTRACT
This bibliography is arranged in rough chronological order and is intended to represent many of the major topics and themes in modern European history. The essay titles are intended to focus attention on some of the most commonly raised issues, but should not be regarded as exhausting the range of possibilities on each subject. The reading is deliberately greater than would be required for an average essay, but does reflect the wealth of bibliographical material now available for most of these topics and allows a degree of specialization on particular aspects of a subject. Similarly, the article literature mentioned, while not an exhaustive list, is intended as a guide to some of the most important material available in academic journals. A selection of source material is also provided for topics, where appropriate.
