ABSTRACT
Hydraulic structures are devices which are used to regulate or measure flow. Some are of fixed geometrical form, while others may be mechanically adjusted. Hydraulic structures form part of most major water engineering schemes, for irrigation, water supply, drainage, sewage treatment, hydropower, etc. It is convenient to group the structures under three headings:
(a) flow measuring structures, e.g. weirs and flumes; (b) regulation structures, e.g. gates or valves; (c) discharge structures, e.g. spillways. As the reader progresses through the chapter, it will be observed that for most of these structures the depth-discharge relationship is based on the Bernoulli (or specific energy) equation. However, some modifications have to be incorporated to account for the losses of energy which are inevitably incurred in real flows.
