ABSTRACT
In the 1990s, aid donors have increasingly made official development assistance (ODA) conditional on political and administrative reform in recipient countries. The stated objectives for this second generation conditionality have been to promote democratic reform, human rights and administrative accountability in the South. The first generation conditionality, related to structural adjustment programmes initiated and driven by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)AVorld Bank, in addition to administrative reform and budget balance, had market liberalisation as the prime objective. The main distinction between the two is that while the first generation aimed at reform o f the economic policy of the recipient country, the second aimed, above ali, at politi cal reform involving both systemic and substantive aspects.
