ABSTRACT
Research concerning the efficacy of principles of behavior analysis applied to improve performance in business, industry, and other organizational settings has been called organizational behavior management (Prue, Frederiksen, and Bacon, 1978), organizational behavior modification (Luthans and Kreitner, 1975, 1985), industrial behavior modification (LB. Mod.) (O'Brien, Dickinson, and Rosow, 1982), and performance management (PM) (Daniels, 1989, 2000). Aldis (1961), in his groundbreaking article, "Of Pigeons and Men," may have been the first to suggest that the principles of behavior analysis be systematically applied to manage behavior in organizations. The systematic analysis and management of work-related behavior and its relationship with environmental antecedents and consequences had already appeared in Frederick Taylor's (1911) scientific management and James Lincoln's (1951) methods of incentive management. They might, therefore, be considered precursors of organizational behavior management, although neither specifically reflects any influence on their methods arising directly from scientific behavior analyses of operant and respondent behavior.
