ABSTRACT
Buildings cannot be considered in isolation from the infrastructure that provides them with electricity, gas and water, takes away their sewage and rainwater, and enables access by occupants and service providers. This is true for new and existing buildings alike, although the former may require utilities to be reinforced or access to be improved to cater for the additional burden placed upon them. Only refurbishment involving significant extensions or extreme changes of use, such as warehousing to office work, could have major impacts on infrastructure.
