ABSTRACT

In a paper presented to the International Economic Association in 1969, which was subsequently published in a volume edited by Charles Kindleberger and Andrew Shonfield (1971), the author sought to esti­ mate the extent to which the technology and managerial gap between the USA and Western Europe, which was causing concern to many Euro­ pean commentators in the late 1950s and early 1960s, 1 had been reduced between 1955 and 1965, and what role (if any) US manufacturing subsidiaries had played in this.