Institutional History of Indonesia's Environmental Rating and Public Disclosure Program

In order to understand how this program came to be so prominent in Indonesia, we trace the history of how the PROPER concept evolved in the context of the Indonesian experience. We show how the success of PROPER derived from earlier experience and public credibility using informational-oriented approaches in two earlier programs—the Clean City Program (ADIPURA) and the Clean River Program (PROKASIH). The PROPER program has shown considerable resilience to external shocks: Although the program took a very severe blow during the financial crisis, it has been resuscitated and expanded since 2002.