ABSTRACT

Conjunctive particles are used to conjoin clauses in a variety of meanings, which include condition, time, concession, contrast, purpose/reason, addition, and range of activities.

26.1.1 -ba

S1-ba basically indicates the condition which is necessary for S2 to become possible ‘if . . . then . . .’; typically, this can be ‘turned around’ and interpreted as ‘if not . . . , then not . . .’. In -ba sentences, the action or state of S1 or S2, or both, is not controllable by the speaker (see 26.1.2).