ABSTRACT
By the 1920s, the government had implemented educational measures to base Japanese nationalism on loyalty to the emperor. Attempts were made to replace the moral values of villages which had previously centred on local Shintô deities, the community and the family, with a system which was much more rooted in the nation-state. In this system, the emperor took the place of the deities, and the idea of the community was extended to encompass the state. The mass media provided part of the machinery by which this could be achieved.1
