ABSTRACT
Civil-military integration (CMI) is defined as the process of combining the defense and civilian industrial bases so that “common technologies, processes. labor, equipment, material, and/or facilities are used to meet both defense and commercial needs.”1 CMI includes:
CMI can occur on three levels: facility, firm, and sector. Facilities can share personnel, equipment, and materials, and even manufacture defense and civilian goods side-by-side, “with differences in production processes and parts dictated solely by differences in product function.” Firm-level integration involves separate production lines but the joint militarycivilian use of corporate resources (management, labor, and equipment). Finally, integrated industrial sectors (such as aerospace or shipbuilding) can draw from a common pool of research and development (R&D) activities, technologies, and production processes.3
