ABSTRACT
The ethnic revival During the 1940s and 1950s social scientists predicted that ethnicity would wane in nation-states as they became increasingly modernized. Race relations scholars believed that interest groups would be related primarily to social class and to other voluntary and achieved affiliations in modernized nation-states. When ethnic protest movements emerged in nations such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s, it was clear that existing theories were unable to explain the complex nature of ethnicity in Western democracies. Ethnicity in most Western nations was far from disappearing when the seventies began. It was experiencing a renaissance.1 Ethnic discrimination, immigration, and the need for individuals to have cultural group attachments in modernized societies are some of the reasons why ethnicity persists in Western nations.2
