ABSTRACT
It has been customary to measure the successes and failures of the economic performance of nations according to the annual growth-rate of gross domestic per capita income over time. However, over the past 30 years it has become increasingly clear that, for many ‘resource dependent’ countries, economic progress as measured by the standard indicators of economic performance consistently signaled unabated economic progress, while the physical and social evidences indicated the opposite.This chapter is about the recent development of alternative indicators of aggregate economic and social performances to avoid persistent
policy failures with regards to the environment and the development of many emerging nations.
