ABSTRACT
Students of the Turkish political economy maintain that the state has played a significant role in export expansion and restructuring in the post-1980 years (Milanovic 1986; Heper 1992; Öniş 1999; Kızılca and Özcan 2008). Overall, a host of institutional arrangements could supply coherent and long-term policies and regulations to outwardly reorient domestic manufacturing while minimizing the risk of deindustrialization. They could also deliver competitive advantages for domestic firms in foreign export markets. As discussed in Chapter 1, these arrangements have been referred to as state export escort institutions, ranging from policy-making institutions in relevant policy areas such as trade, exchange and investment incentives, to state-sanctioned support institutions such as trading companies, the EXIM bank and Exporters' Associations.
