ABSTRACT
Beyond incumbents' incentives, state reform requires political autonomy and administrative and technical resources. These enabling factors for second-generation exporters were primarily shaped by the institutional features of state–economy interaction that were inherited from the previous phase of import-substitution industrialization (ISI). The ISI institutional legacy determined the extent to which incumbents were autonomous vis-à-vis vested interests and the availability of technical and political resources on which they could capitalize for the building of state escorting institutions targeting export expansion and upgrading.
