The purpose of this essay is quite straightforward. It is also very unusual, almost unique. Thus this needs to be made explicit and explained. In this essay I will recount, summarize and synthesize various critiques of some of the major works of Robert W. Cox. The intent behind this unusual undertaking, especially in a volume containing Cox’s own works,1 is to allow Cox to begin an explicit published conversation with some of his critics, aimed at clarifying, elaborating, rethinking and revising earlier arguments. Chapter 2 of this volume gives him an unusual opportunity to systematically and explicitly address his critics’ concerns,2 something that seems particularly important as few of his critics publicly acknowledge how his thoughts have evolved over time.3