ABSTRACT
It has been estimated that, for example, in the USA the economic losses from various white collar crimes are about ten times those from ‘ordinary’ economic crime (Conklin, 1977) with corporate crime killing and maiming more than any violence committed by the poor (Liazos, 1972). In the same country 100,000 people have died each year from occupationally related diseases that have mostly been contracted as a result of wilful violation of laws designed to protect workers (Swartz, 1975), defective products have killed another 30,000 US citizens annually (Kramer, 1984), while US manufacturers have been observed to dump drugs and medical equipment in developing countries after they have been banned from the home market (Braithwaite, 1984). Croall (1992, 2001) observes that the activities of the corporate criminal are not only greater in impact than those of the ordinary offender, but they are also longer lasting in effect.
