ABSTRACT
The concept of ‘environmental management’ rests largely on the premise that – apart from encouraging offending by their ‘indefensibility’ – certain districts may suffer simply because they give the impression that their residents no longer care. The difference between environmental design and environmental management is subtle but nevertheless important. The former requires implementation at the planning stage, before a district is built or developed while the latter can be practised on an existing neighbourhood and also commercial environments where there is less prospect of using informal surveillance.
