ABSTRACT
In this chapter we take a closer look at the use of formal versus informal mechanisms for accountability in crises. The use of formal accountability mechanisms over time was outlined to a large extent in Chapter 6 and the evolution and use of informal mechanisms will be outlined in this chapter. The implications of using formal or informal mechanisms are in this chapter discussed with reference to the competing logics crisis decision-makers often face, of assuming or avoiding responsibility. Finally, the chapter outlines some of the challenges to holding decision-makers accountable that the empirical findings suggest.
