ABSTRACT
The European Union’s Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) policy has developed along the lines of Schengen cooperation which aims at eliminating internal border controls and establishing common external border policy. It was first established in 1985 by Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and Germany. The intention was to establish an area without travel restrictions, eliminate border controls between the participating countries and achieve closer cooperation on combating transnational crime. It now includes all of the EU member states (except for Ireland and the United Kingdom) as full members and Iceland and Norway as associates.
